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Principles of humanism and holism in nursing care of patients with autism spectrum disorder
 VLKOVÁ, Blanka
This bachelor thesis focuses on analyzing the problematic situations in nursing process from the point of view of nursing staff taking care of the ASD patients, on mapping the ASD patients´ specific needs and on mapping the care provided to ASD patients from the point of view of nurses. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one consists of the theoretical introduction and of the outline of the contemporary state of research concerning the topic of taking care of ASD patients. The empirical part is based on qualitative-quantitative research and it is divided into several parts. The first part of the research focused on acquiring data from persons taking care of people with ASD. There was chosen a quantitative form of research while using the method of semi-structured interview. Nine respondents participated in this part, the choosing process of respondents was controlled. The second part of the research focused on confirming or disproving the statements from the first part of the research and on confirming or disproving the stated hypotheses. The means of quantitative research was chosen while using non-standardized questionnaire created by the author. The questionnaires were distributed in printed and electronic forms regarding the epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic. There were 212 participants. The main result of the first part of the research is a list of problematic situations which affect the ASD patients and the process of providing the nursing care. There were identified specific and individual needs of ASD patients including the need of sleep, nutrition, affiliation, of organization, of sensorial perception and knowledge and also the need of self-sustainability in every-day activities. The result of the qualitative part shows which ways are available for nursing staff in the process of communication with ASD patients and which means they use during the nursing process. There was mapped the difficulty of satisfying the needs from the point of view of the nursing staff and its interest in the topic. While testing the stated hypothesis, only the hypothesis nr. 3 was confirmed - the ASD patients require more individualized care than intact patients. Hypothesis nr. 1 - nurses use more verbal than non-verbal means while communicating with ASD patients - and hypothesis nr. 2 - the satisfaction of psychological needs is for ASD patients more difficult than satisfaction of biological needs - were not confirmed.
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