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Acidobasic behavior of carboxymethylcellulose solutions
Teslíková, Ivana ; Kislinger, Jiří (referee) ; Janeček, Jiří (advisor)
This work concerns with the study of acidobasic behavior of solutions of sodium salts of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na). This behavior was investigated using acidimetric titrations of the salt solutions with potentiometric and conductometric indications. In order to determine the content of carboxylic groups in two different samples of CMC-Na (M1=90 kDa, DS1=0.7; M2=700 kDa, DS2=0.9), we employed the method of Ray von Wandruzska, originally proposed for the determination of the acidity of humic substances. The values of the degree of substitution (DS) obtained using this method correspond to the values declared by the producer. The small differences (of the order few percentage points) can be attributed to the humidity of the samples. The acidimetric titrations were performed also for solutions with different ionic strengths. There is an apparent effect of the ionic strength on the shape of titration curves; nevertheless these data were not used for any theoretical interpretation.
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Study of nitrogen post-discharge by mercury vapor titration
Teslíková, Ivana ; Brablec, Antonín (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
The aim of this master thesis is a study of nitrogen post-discharge by mercury vapours titration. The nitrogen post-discharge is investigated for many years theoretically as well as for a practical use. The object of this master thesis is a study of kinetic processes ongoing at titrations of mercury vapours during the nitrogen post-discharge at different pressures and applied powers. All experimental data were obtained from an optical emission spectroscopy of nitrogen post-discharge. DC discharge in flowing regime was chosen for measurements. The first part of experiments was carried out at the constant discharge current (100 mA), voltage (1300 V) and wall temperature (300 K). The total gas pressure was varied in range of 500-3000 Pa at nitrogen flow in range of 0.12-0.68 l/min. Nitrogen flow values were arranged to obtain constant nitrogen flow velocity for all gas pressures. The second set of experiments studied power dependencies. The current was varied in the range of 50-200 mA for constant voltage 1300 V. The total gas pressure in this case was 1000 Pa. Mercury vapours were introduced into the system by titration tube at different post-discharge time. The nitrogen pink afterglow effect was well visible at all experimental conditions. This effect corresponds to the maximum intensity of light emission, which expresses as considerable growth of characteristic pink radiation in the post-discharge time. Optical emission spectra of post-discharge were taken in the range of 320-780 nm. Besides three nitrogen spectral systems (first and second positive and first negative), the mercury line at 254 nm was recorded in the second order spectrum at 508 nm under these conditions if mercury was added. This spectral line is excited under post-discharge conditions by collisionally induced resonance energy transfer from nitrogen highly vibrationally excited ground state metastables and it opens an unique technique for their monitoring. The dependence of relative intensities on decay time for mercury spectral line and selected nitrogen spectral systems at different titration positions were measured. The relative intensities of nitrogen bands decrease with increasing of mercury line relative intensity for all total gas pressures. The pink afterglow phenomenon shifts to the later decay times with the increasing of total gas pressure. In the case of experiments at different power, it can be seen that with decreasing power mercury spectral line intensity decreases in post-discharge time. The first detailed tests of the unique detection for highly excited of nitrogen metastables were completed. However this master thesis is concentrated on the basic research which supports better indication of kinetic processes and reactions leading to transformation of excitation energy, this new knowledge should be applied in future also in technologies based on the long-lived metastable induced reactions.
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Study of nitrogen post-discharge by mercury vapor titration
Teslíková, Ivana ; Brablec, Antonín (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
The aim of this master thesis is a study of nitrogen post-discharge by mercury vapours titration. The nitrogen post-discharge is investigated for many years theoretically as well as for a practical use. The object of this master thesis is a study of kinetic processes ongoing at titrations of mercury vapours during the nitrogen post-discharge at different pressures and applied powers. All experimental data were obtained from an optical emission spectroscopy of nitrogen post-discharge. DC discharge in flowing regime was chosen for measurements. The first part of experiments was carried out at the constant discharge current (100 mA), voltage (1300 V) and wall temperature (300 K). The total gas pressure was varied in range of 500-3000 Pa at nitrogen flow in range of 0.12-0.68 l/min. Nitrogen flow values were arranged to obtain constant nitrogen flow velocity for all gas pressures. The second set of experiments studied power dependencies. The current was varied in the range of 50-200 mA for constant voltage 1300 V. The total gas pressure in this case was 1000 Pa. Mercury vapours were introduced into the system by titration tube at different post-discharge time. The nitrogen pink afterglow effect was well visible at all experimental conditions. This effect corresponds to the maximum intensity of light emission, which expresses as considerable growth of characteristic pink radiation in the post-discharge time. Optical emission spectra of post-discharge were taken in the range of 320-780 nm. Besides three nitrogen spectral systems (first and second positive and first negative), the mercury line at 254 nm was recorded in the second order spectrum at 508 nm under these conditions if mercury was added. This spectral line is excited under post-discharge conditions by collisionally induced resonance energy transfer from nitrogen highly vibrationally excited ground state metastables and it opens an unique technique for their monitoring. The dependence of relative intensities on decay time for mercury spectral line and selected nitrogen spectral systems at different titration positions were measured. The relative intensities of nitrogen bands decrease with increasing of mercury line relative intensity for all total gas pressures. The pink afterglow phenomenon shifts to the later decay times with the increasing of total gas pressure. In the case of experiments at different power, it can be seen that with decreasing power mercury spectral line intensity decreases in post-discharge time. The first detailed tests of the unique detection for highly excited of nitrogen metastables were completed. However this master thesis is concentrated on the basic research which supports better indication of kinetic processes and reactions leading to transformation of excitation energy, this new knowledge should be applied in future also in technologies based on the long-lived metastable induced reactions.
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Acidobasic behavior of carboxymethylcellulose solutions
Teslíková, Ivana ; Kislinger, Jiří (referee) ; Janeček, Jiří (advisor)
This work concerns with the study of acidobasic behavior of solutions of sodium salts of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na). This behavior was investigated using acidimetric titrations of the salt solutions with potentiometric and conductometric indications. In order to determine the content of carboxylic groups in two different samples of CMC-Na (M1=90 kDa, DS1=0.7; M2=700 kDa, DS2=0.9), we employed the method of Ray von Wandruzska, originally proposed for the determination of the acidity of humic substances. The values of the degree of substitution (DS) obtained using this method correspond to the values declared by the producer. The small differences (of the order few percentage points) can be attributed to the humidity of the samples. The acidimetric titrations were performed also for solutions with different ionic strengths. There is an apparent effect of the ionic strength on the shape of titration curves; nevertheless these data were not used for any theoretical interpretation.
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