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National Repository of Grey Literature 2 records found  Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Physiology and Pathology of unconventional lymphocytes
 Zubatá, Ivana ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Szotkowski, Tomáš (referee) ; Vydra, Jan (referee)
MAIT cells, mucosal-associated T lymphocytes, are a group of immune cells that have both innate and adaptive immunity abilities. They are defined by the expression of a semi-invariant TCR chain. They exhibit anti-infective potential with cytotoxic effector functions and immunomodulatory capabilities. The primary activation pathway is through the MR1 molecule of the non-classical MHC Ib class which is exerted in defense against bacteria and mycoses. MAIT cells are also able to TCR-independent activation by proinflammatory cytokines. They are involved in cytokine storms mediated by bacterial superantigens and in antiviral defense. They respond rapidly by producing a wide range of inflammatory mediators, including the repertoire of adaptive immunity Th1, Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes. Recent work shows resistance to some xenobiotics. This dissertation presents the results of an investigation of the phenotype of MAIT cell subpopulations measured by flow cytometry. By stimulation with ionomycin and PMA we analyzed their repertoire of cytotoxic abilities. In the main research project the hypothesis of anti-infective potential and resistance of MAIT cells to xenobiotics is applied to clinical practice in the field of haematooncology. The thesis presents evidence for a protective role of MAIT cells during the...
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Changes in nutritional status during high-dose chemotherapy in selected hematooncological diseases
 Křivánková, Jana ; Szotkowski, Tomáš (advisor) ; Káňová, Marcela (referee)
Hematooncological diseases are often accompanied by dietary restriction, especially in cytotoxic therapy. The main purpose of the work was to assess the effect of high-dose chemotherapy on the change of nutritional status in two groups of hematooncological patients. A total of 16 patients were enrolled. Changes of the body composition were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis supplemented by monitoring of biochemical nutritional indicators. Observations showed that in both groups the majority lost weight. In the first group of eight patients with acute myeloid leukemia observed during three consecutive hospitalizations, the median of change of body weight was -3.7 kg (-4.3%). Loss of lean body mass with a median value of -4.8 kg (-7.2%) was detected at all patients. Body fat was reduced at half of the patients. In some cases, with length of observation, there was an increase in fat mass along with visceral fat. In the second group, which included eight patients (after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) at whom one hospitalization was evaluated, body weight was reduced at six patients. The medianof change of body weight was -2.1 kg (-2.3%). At five patients, the treatment representeda loss of active metabolic mass. The change of the weight of the lean body mass was shown...
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