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Air quality index - a tool for ambient air quality assessment
Stráník, Vojtěch ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
7 Abstract Air pollution has a great impact on human health, with acute consequences possibly resulting even in death. It is therefore important to inform the public about up-to-date air quality and its impact on health in a simple and easily undestandable way. Air quality indices seems to be ideal for this purpouse, but there is large variety of them. In this master thesis, the air quality index most suitable for the capital city of Prague has been searched for. A comparison of the following indices has been carried out based on available data: of following indicies based on avaible data (concentration of O3, PM10, NO2, SO2 a CO): Air Quality Index, Aggregate Air Quality Index, Revised Air Quality Index, Common Air Quality Index a Pollution Index and their modifications according to european standards. As a criterion of aptness of a particular index, a degree of correlation between the index itself and corresponding health problems (daily count of deaths, daily count of deaths caused by diseases of the respiratory system, daily count of deaths caused by diseases of circulatory system, daily count of hospitalization caused by diseases of the respiratory system, daily count of hospitalization caused by diseases of circulatory system) of the local population has been chosen. This relationship was verified...
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Frequency and composition of fog in the Czech Republic
Esterlová, Jana ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis deals with the occurrence of fog in The Czech Republic and its composition. It engages in current status and also historical evolution (since about the second half of 20th century). The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is the research of the professional literature, which sums up the results of realized studies, explains terms connected with fog and describes methods used for fog quantification. The second part contains results of my own study for the city station Prague-Libuš (1971-2015) and mountain station Churáňov (Šumava, 1961- 2015). The fog is an often underestimated phenomenon, which has provable influence on water balance and contributes to the atmospheric deposition, especially in mountain ranges, where the occurrence is higher. The composition of fog is being changed during the observed time. The amplest ions are in most cases NO3 - , NH4 + , SO4 2- , Cl- a Ca2+ . In connection with decreasing general air pollution shows, it goes also to reduction the concentrations of pollutants in the fog. Because of the lower content of these particles the occurrence of fog might be also lower in the cities and former highly-polluted regions caused by the lower number of condensation nuclei, which is noticeable on Prague-Libuš. In connection with global warming there are...
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Mapping of biomass flows in a selected region using GIS
Stráník, Vojtěch ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Brůna, Josef (referee)
This literal review provides a summary of available instruments used for plannig waste collection comming from urban green mainintence. At first it describes methods of remote sensing suitable for mapping urban green areas, then various technologies applied for estimation of biomass production at this places. Solutions of waste collection comes from several papers, that tried to solve this problem using geographic information system (GIS). The following chapter evaluates different features of this waste in purpose of its next use. The last part compares theoretical knowledge, with how it works in real life. Key words: urban green, remote sensing, geographic information system, waste collection
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Trends in sulphur and nitrogen occult deposition across the Northern Hemisphere
Švorc, Daniel ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to collect data of concentrations and depositions of sulfur and nitrogen from occult precipitation, using the research of available scientific publications. Through atmospheric deposition are pollutants from air transported into other environmental spheres. It has two main components: dry (which takes place mainly by gravitational processes and its ongoing) and wet (which takes place in the presence of precipitations). Wet component consist of vertical and occult parts, representing the types of precipitations. Establishing total wet deposition encounter a problem in establishing a occult deposition. Problem is, in particular, setting of deposition flux, for which it is necessary to determinate a number of parameters. A considerable part of studies, therefore, do not examine the deposition itself, because of complexity of assessment, but examines chemical composition of fog, low clouds and rime, which is proportionally related to values of occult deposition. Most studies were examining from occult precipitation a fog, especially at higher altitudes, where due to the more frequent occurrence, significant contribute to the total atmospheric wet deposition. Occult precipitations are in longer contact with vegetation, and unlike the rainfall, are surrounded whole leaf,...
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Use of unpublished data on total suspended particles in the CR measured during the 1970s and 1980s as an invaluable information and comparative material to current measurements
Pavlovicová, Martina ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
Air pollution of atmospheric aerosol is one of the biggest problems across Europe nowadays. The atmospheric aerosol is natural part of Earth's atmosphere that significantly participates in important atmospheric activities. The late 1960s of 20 century, however, air pollution by anthropogenic activities is gets into the minds, which caused the first aerosol load associated with the development of mining activities and industry. The first cases of increased incidence of allergies and respiratory diseases in children were discovered. At that time, the first arrangements to improve the unfavorable situation and also the first measurements of concentration of particulate matter in ČSSR were initiated. During 1970s and 1980s of the last century, concentration of particulate matter was measured in more than 100 stations. Particulate matter was measured as total suspended particulates (TSP) in the air. This bachelor thesis describes four areas of interest in ČSSR, which were affected by particulate matter pollution during mentioned years the most. They are Ostrava-Karviná region, North Bohemia, Brno agglomeration and Hradec Králové and Pardubice region. In my bachelor thesis I dealt with the transfer values of particulate matter concentrations to values of PM10 and PM2,5 concentrations. The main goal of...
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Is rhime a factor contributing significantly to the total atmospheric deposition?
Krištof, Tomáš ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to try to answer the question whether the rime can have signifiant contribution to atmospheric deposition by researching avaiable literature. Atmospheric deposition is a process which transmits substances from the atmosphere to the earth's surface . One of its components is a sedimentary deposition (fog, frost , rime ) . Rime does not occur throughout the whole year , and its formation is dependent upon frequently changing factors. Yet it can be shown that the concentration of substances in rime may exceed or at least occupy a significant share of atmospheric deposition in certain locations under favorable period for its emergence. Key words: Atmospheric deposition, rime
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Is rhime a factor contributing significantly to the total atmospheric deposition?
Krištof, Tomáš ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to research available literature to try to answer the question whether rime can have a significant share in atmospheric deposition. Atmospheric deposition is a proces in which compounds are transferred from air to the surface. One of its forms is horizontal deposition (fog, frost, rime). Rime is not present for the entire year and its occurrence is dependent on factors whose values can change frequently. It can still be proved that rime can represent significant share in atmospheric deposition in certain localities during favourable periods for its emergence. Key words: Atmospheric deposition, rime
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Frequency and composition of fog in the Czech Republic
Esterlová, Jana ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis deals with the occurrence of fog in The Czech Republic and its composition. It engages in current status and also historical evolution (since about the second half of 20th century). The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is the research of the professional literature, which sums up the results of realized studies, explains terms connected with fog and describes methods used for fog quantification. The second part contains results of my own study for the city station Prague-Libuš (1971-2015) and mountain station Churáňov (Šumava, 1961- 2015). The fog is an often underestimated phenomenon, which has provable influence on water balance and contributes to the atmospheric deposition, especially in mountain ranges, where the occurrence is higher. The composition of fog is being changed during the observed time. The amplest ions are in most cases NO3 - , NH4 + , SO4 2- , Cl- a Ca2+ . In connection with decreasing general air pollution shows, it goes also to reduction the concentrations of pollutants in the fog. Because of the lower content of these particles the occurrence of fog might be also lower in the cities and former highly-polluted regions caused by the lower number of condensation nuclei, which is noticeable on Prague-Libuš. In connection with global warming there are...
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Use of unpublished data on total suspended particles in the CR measured during the 1970s and 1980s as an invaluable information and comparative material to current measurements
Pavlovicová, Martina ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
Air pollution of atmospheric aerosol is one of the biggest problems across Europe nowadays. The atmospheric aerosol is natural part of Earth's atmosphere that significantly participates in important atmospheric activities. The late 1960s of 20 century, however, air pollution by anthropogenic activities is gets into the minds, which caused the first aerosol load associated with the development of mining activities and industry. The first cases of increased incidence of allergies and respiratory diseases in children were discovered. At that time, the first arrangements to improve the unfavorable situation and also the first measurements of concentration of particulate matter in ČSSR were initiated. During 1970s and 1980s of the last century, concentration of particulate matter was measured in more than 100 stations. Particulate matter was measured as total suspended particulates (TSP) in the air. This bachelor thesis describes four areas of interest in ČSSR, which were affected by particulate matter pollution during mentioned years the most. They are Ostrava-Karviná region, North Bohemia, Brno agglomeration and Hradec Králové and Pardubice region. In my bachelor thesis I dealt with the transfer values of particulate matter concentrations to values of PM10 and PM2,5 concentrations. The main goal of...
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Fog as a factor contributing to the total atmospheric deposition
Samcová, Anna ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
This paper is a research of scientific literature. Its objective is to evaluate the impact of fog on the total amount of substances entering ecosystems through the atmospheric deposition process. It summarizes the division of different kinds of fog, its occurrence and basic information about its chemistry. Atmospheric deposition is a process in which substances are transported from the atmosphere to Earth's surface. There is a wet deposition type as well as a dry one. The wet atmospheric deposition is then divided into vertical and horizontal. The influence of the wet atmospheric deposition depends on the altitude. From the elevation of 800 meters above the sea level there is a significant increase in the horizontal component of the atmospheric deposition (e.g. a fog). There are several different kinds of fog that are divided according to diverse criteria. For example depending of their origin, the inside visibility or their duration. Fog is commonly found in places with large humidity. In the Czech Republic region the ion contribution of fog to atmospheric definition is quite underrated. Most common ions in the fog deposition are SO4 2- , NO3 - and NH4 + . These easily become a condensation core for droplets. Atmospheric deposition in total is calculated as the sum of wet and dry vertical...
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