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Effect of effluent from wastewater treatment plants on karst rivers
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Gruberová, Eva (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Karst rivers are special type of rivers because of their hydrography conditions. They usually flow from non-karst area and as soon as they reach in to the karst area they disappear underground. There, they flow through cavities until they reach the surface again. The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of water outflow from wastewater treatment plant on karst rivers. The study was done in the central area of CHKO Moravský kras where the impact of two WWTP on a cave system Rudické propadání – Býčí skála is evaluated. As a part of this study a half-year monitoring was carried out, which consisted of water sampling once every two weeks. In total, 13 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Also 4 additional one-time samples were taken from the cave system. Moreover, flow rate, temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and pH were measured at the sampling point. Afterwards, the content of undissolved solids, CODCr, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43- and total phosphorus were determined in the samples. The change of parameters in time and during the flow in the river was observed from the measured values. The balance of pollutants in particular parts of the river was calculated. The outflow values from waste water treatment plants were compared to the emission limits for surface waters and the parameters of rivers were compared to the environmental quality standards. According to the results, it can be observed that the water quality improves after passing through the cavities. It was proven that the outflows from the observed waste water treatment plants are negatively influencing the water streams. The most serious problem is the wash up of sludge from WWTP Rudice and its consequent sedimentation in the river and/or outflow to the Rudické propadání.
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Phosphorus forms in river sediments
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Two main mechanism of immobilization of phosphorus in sediments are formation of insoluble phosphates of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and sorption. Phosphorus can be also immobilized as organic phosphorus contained in the biomass. This thesis is focused on searching of relationships between total, organic and inorganic phosphorus and iron, calcium and organic matter content in fluvial sediments. Within the framework of this thesis, samples of sediments have been collected and analyzed. The measured values have been filled by the data measured at the Institute of Chemistry in the years 2011-2012. Total number of samples is 48. Data have been statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test at the = 0,05 and = 0,01 levels of significance. The relationships between total phosphorus and iron and organic matter have been proven. Also the relationship between organic phosphorus and organic matter content has been proven and surprisingly the correlation with iron, too. The inorganic phosphorus indicated significant relationship with iron, but no significant relationship with the calcium content. At last there has been proven the correlation between inorganic phosphorus and the organic matter content.
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Nitrate removal from agricultural runoff
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Šálek,, JAN (referee) ; Drtil,, Miloslav (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The increasing concentration of nitrates in surface water and groundwater is becoming a global problem. The dissertation thesis is focused on the denitrifying bioreactors with organic fill material designed for the reduction of nitrate input from agricultural areas in the Czech Republic. A set of laboratory experiments was performed – static leaching tests and column tests, including chemical analyses of outflow water and ecotoxicological bioassays. Seven materials common in the Czech Republic, various process parameters, types and lengths of bioreactor shutdown in dry periods and the use of outflow water for irrigation were tested. The thesis deals with both denitrification efficiency and ways of reducing negative effects. An evaluation of the overall effect bioreactors is included along with a prediction regarding leaching over the following years.
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Nitrate removal from agricultural runoff
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Šálek,, JAN (referee) ; Drtil,, Miloslav (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The increasing concentration of nitrates in surface water and groundwater is becoming a global problem. The dissertation thesis is focused on the denitrifying bioreactors with organic fill material designed for the reduction of nitrate input from agricultural areas in the Czech Republic. A set of laboratory experiments was performed – static leaching tests and column tests, including chemical analyses of outflow water and ecotoxicological bioassays. Seven materials common in the Czech Republic, various process parameters, types and lengths of bioreactor shutdown in dry periods and the use of outflow water for irrigation were tested. The thesis deals with both denitrification efficiency and ways of reducing negative effects. An evaluation of the overall effect bioreactors is included along with a prediction regarding leaching over the following years.
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Effect of effluent from wastewater treatment plants on karst rivers
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Gruberová, Eva (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Karst rivers are special type of rivers because of their hydrography conditions. They usually flow from non-karst area and as soon as they reach in to the karst area they disappear underground. There, they flow through cavities until they reach the surface again. The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of water outflow from wastewater treatment plant on karst rivers. The study was done in the central area of CHKO Moravský kras where the impact of two WWTP on a cave system Rudické propadání – Býčí skála is evaluated. As a part of this study a half-year monitoring was carried out, which consisted of water sampling once every two weeks. In total, 13 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Also 4 additional one-time samples were taken from the cave system. Moreover, flow rate, temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and pH were measured at the sampling point. Afterwards, the content of undissolved solids, CODCr, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43- and total phosphorus were determined in the samples. The change of parameters in time and during the flow in the river was observed from the measured values. The balance of pollutants in particular parts of the river was calculated. The outflow values from waste water treatment plants were compared to the emission limits for surface waters and the parameters of rivers were compared to the environmental quality standards. According to the results, it can be observed that the water quality improves after passing through the cavities. It was proven that the outflows from the observed waste water treatment plants are negatively influencing the water streams. The most serious problem is the wash up of sludge from WWTP Rudice and its consequent sedimentation in the river and/or outflow to the Rudické propadání.
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|
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Phosphorus forms in river sediments
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Two main mechanism of immobilization of phosphorus in sediments are formation of insoluble phosphates of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and sorption. Phosphorus can be also immobilized as organic phosphorus contained in the biomass. This thesis is focused on searching of relationships between total, organic and inorganic phosphorus and iron, calcium and organic matter content in fluvial sediments. Within the framework of this thesis, samples of sediments have been collected and analyzed. The measured values have been filled by the data measured at the Institute of Chemistry in the years 2011-2012. Total number of samples is 48. Data have been statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test at the = 0,05 and = 0,01 levels of significance. The relationships between total phosphorus and iron and organic matter have been proven. Also the relationship between organic phosphorus and organic matter content has been proven and surprisingly the correlation with iron, too. The inorganic phosphorus indicated significant relationship with iron, but no significant relationship with the calcium content. At last there has been proven the correlation between inorganic phosphorus and the organic matter content.
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