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Setup and testing of alpha beta counter NA6201
RÖSZLER, Tomáš
This diploma thesis was focused on the Setup and testing of alpha beta counter NA6201 for measuring alpha and beta activity, which is located in the dosimetric laboratoriy of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies. Since the laboratory was moved to wing H, the equipment has been used for practical education or research sporadically. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis studies aspects of physics related to alpha and beta radiation, its dosimetry, monitoring and the working of detectors. The legal framework of this topic and the research system, resp. monitoring in the Czech Republic is also examined. In the practical part, this diploma thesis focuses on the set up of the NA6201 counter, its setting and measurement of samples. It also includes an assessment of the usability of the device in education and further research. In the practical part, it was found by comparative measurements that the NA6201 device is not able to reliably measure beta activity. The comparative measurement consisted of water samples collection from springs, their processing and determining the total beta volume activity. The Alpha-beta EMPOS EMS 3 automat was used for comparison. Further use of the NA6201 counter is possible only if the identified shortcomings of the current situation are solved, especially the absence of a chemical laboratory with the necessary equipment for sample processing and the absence of a methane cylinder. Proposed possible solutions are moving the device to more suitable premises or retrofitting the laboratory with necessary equipment.
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The ability of nitrogen oxides to cause a major-accident
RÖSZLER, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis is focused on the potential of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas to cause a major accident. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to assess the potential of nitrogen oxides, which are a part of the flue gas, to cause a major accident by reacting with gas phase LPG. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current state of prevention of major accidents and the handling of chemical substances, the legal framework of this topic and the system of research. It also describes the current state in the topic of flue gas, legal framework and its origin. Finally, the theoretical part describes nitrogen oxides, their origin, characteristics, dangerous properties and methods of their analysis. The aim of this work was to assess the risk posed by nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, in this case exhaust gases of cars and heaters, in area of major accidents prevention and the ability to cause a combustion of gas phase LPG and consequently a major accident. The necessary data for this assessment were obtained by sampling the exhaust gas, determining the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the samples, and by then carrying out an experimental determination of whether the contact of the gases at these concentrations would cause a combustion. To find out the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the flue gas, the Saltzman flue gas sampling and subsequent analysis method was used. The results show that passenger cars with diesel engines have the highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in their exhaust gas. The results of experiments with gas phase LPG did not prove the ability of nitrogen dioxide to initiate a combustion of LPG at concentrations around 100 ?g/l, or to initiate a combustion with diesel car exhaust gas.
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