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Consequences of heavy bombardment for chemical and prebiotic evolution on early Mars and Earth
Petera, Lukáš ; Ferus, Martin (advisor) ; Kopecký, Vladimír (referee)
The diploma thesis refers to the results of laboratory research dedicated to the influence of extraterestrial matter impacts onto a possible prebiotic synthesis on early Mars. The influence of understanding of early Mars chemistry for proceeding studies of terrestrian chemical habitus evolution and origin of life is discussed, as well as certain advantages to be made of this research within exoplanetary science. The prebiotic synthesis scenario purposed connects the hypothesis comprising a key role of extraplanetary bodies impacts played in the chemical evolution of an early Earth-like planet to the important processes studied within chemical evolution of life. Asteroid impacts are simulated by laser sparks, while post-impact thermochemical processes are mimetized in the laboratory by a controlled termolysis of certain key species in presence of meteorites, iron-rich clays and several other minerals and rocks presumably present in real impact craters. This particular field of research carried is likely to have an interesting application within current and future investigations of the Gale crater. Impactor mineraly is described on a particular example of a rare Porangaba meteorite, which, thanks to this research, has recently been addressed as a member of unique (comprising 32 bodies) family tree...
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Analysis of solid samples using calibration free laser induced breakdown spectroscopy - application in metallurgy of meteorites
Petera, Lukáš ; Ferus, Martin (advisor) ; Krůs, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis was the development and application of the calibration-free method of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The CF-LIBS method is used to quickly analyze of sample of any size and shapes without any required surface treatment, to determinate their elemental composition. In addition, the CF algorithm is also usefull for study of atomic plasma and hot gas emision spectra to determinate their elemental composition. From this point of view, very interesting is ablation analysis of complicated matrices such as meteorites and possible comparsion with spectral analysis of meteors. In the frame of the presented bachelor thesis, was measured the ablation spectra of meteorite samples Porangaba (L4), Chellyabinsk (LL5), Northwest Africa 869 (L3-6) and Dhofar 1994 (CM2). Based on the measured spectra of these meteorites, was created an atlas of the emision lines and assigned parameters of the spectroscopic transitions of the elements, typically occuring in a meteorites. Thisatlas will also serve as the source database for automatic pragram Ablator (automatically evalueting of ablation emission spcectra) and MeteorMaster (automatic program for the interpretation of meteors spectra). The database will be used for CF-LIBS analysis of the Porangaba meteorite. The database is...
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