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Style of locators - differences in triangulation
Loits, André ; Drdácký, Tomáš ; Buzek, Jaroslav ; Zadražil, Tomáš
The vast majority of contemporary European cities have their origins in the Middle Ages. ln our territory, most towns were founded from the beginning of the 12th century to the middle of the 14th century during the reign of the last Přemyslids. Urban city layouts are original, and although it is difficult to visually compare them at first glance, their apparent diversity shows certain rules and systems. This finding was verified by an analysis of 29 Czech and Moravian cities. The paper presents the results of the analysis of selected cities. The locator, commissioned by the then investor to organize the settlement of the new location, played a crucial role in the founding of the towns. Due to the number and close sequence of founded cities, it is probable that the cities were measured by experienced surveyors, with theoretical and practical knowledge of geometry. The complexity of the task, as well as the proven fact that a large number of cities have emerged over several decades, leads to the conclusion that there was a proven, somewhat routine approach to the site, which ensured certainty in the survey and the birth of a functioning city. The paper presents identified types of procedures for surveying the city layout in two modes of triangulation and corresponding four systems of initial base stations, from which the city and its boarder was delineated. The work loosely follows the text Triangulated medieval cities, published at the conference Architecture in Perspective in 2017 and summarizes the results of four years of research work.
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Triangulated medieval cities
Loits, André ; Drdácký, Tomáš ; Buzek, Jaroslav ; Zadražil, Tomáš
The paper presents a long term research work addressing sometimes not so evident values of historic cities, which are linked with geometric (urban) relations between the architectural elements set in cities. the position of city boundary (walls), market place and street layout was an intentional concept, not a result of unorganized building activities of new colonists. It is known from the archive and historic data, and verified by archaeological findings that the founded cities were planned. It is evident that cities seemingly different are organized following certain rules and methods. The work supports the hypothesis that original concept of the city survived in its pattern and structure until today and is one of the values expressing its individual and original identity. Hypothetic Medieval triangulation method, developed by André Loits is presented on case studies of České Budějovice, Kadaň and Klatovy. The method was so far used for the analysis of 30 selected Town Heritage Reserves and Zones and identifies two basi 'schools' in location concepts of studied cities.
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