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Elements of the pharmaceutics as the inspiration for teaching chemistry
Zachariášová, Miroslava ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
AND KEYWORDS This thesis deals with school chemistry experiments that are inspired by pharmacy. The main goal is to create a chemistry experiment set containing instructions for experiments applicable to teaching chemistry at secondary schools or colleges or during leisure time. These experiments are closely connected to various branches of pharmacy. Pharmaceutical substances, industrial processes and technologies are used in them. The introduction of this thesis concentrates on the teaching of chemistry conceptions within the present educational framework, specifically on the methods and forms of teaching as well as on the specific methods of teaching chemistry i. e. chemistry experiments. References to sources of professional and other literature will be mentioned in the main body of the thesis. The enclosed company contacts point to the companies that have pharmaceutical substance at their disposal for school supply and usage. Finally, safety instructions for dangerous chemical substances in relation to school education will be briefly summarized. Keywords: experiment; chemistry; pharmacy; chemical substances; drug; safety at work; inspiration; motivation; methods and forms of teaching; medicine; pharmaceutical products
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Quantificaion of Plzf expression in a rat model of hypertension and metabolic syndrome
Slámová, Petra ; Liška, František (advisor) ; Pravenec, Michal (referee)
Multifactorial diseases like hypertension or metabolic syndrome are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. The metabolic syndrome is mostly characterized by resistance to insulin effect, impairment of lipid metabolism and inclination to hypertension and obesity. Essential hypertension which is the part of the metabolic syndrome is widely spread all over the world and presents the main risk factor for coronary diseases, kidney failure, and stroke. Inbred animal models can be used for identification of the genetic component of complex diseases. The most studied model of metabolic syndrome and essential hypertension is the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), which has proven to be a valuable tool for studying the pharmacological and physiological aspects of blood pressure regulation. There has been significant progress during the last decades in genetic mapping of hypertension and other complex traits in rat models, including SHR. Many of these quantitative trait loci - QTLs are involved in pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension with the effect on the blood pressure variation about 10-20 mmHg. One QTL involved in blood pressure regulation is located on the rat 8th chromosome. This QTL has been confirmed by the congenic strain SHR-Lx. In this strain the 7-gene 788 kb segment of chromosome 8 of SHR...
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Attempt to Prepare N-(4-oxazolin-2-ylphenyl)barbituic acid
Sika, Jan ; Kotoučová, Hana (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
Presented bachelor thesis is a part of broader topic of preparation and utilization of flavines and flavin salts in organo-catalysis. Primarily it deals with their utilization in the role of catalyst in enantioselective oxidations. Original purpose of this thesis was to prepare N-[4-(oxazolinu-2-yl)phenyl]barbituric acid 1. This experiment was supposed to prove a possibility of similarly substituted barbituric acids preparation and their further use in antropoizomer flavines and flavin salts synthesis. Although the original substance preparation proved to be unsuccessful the work results in the a successful preparation of one its intermediates N-[4-(oxazolin-2yl)phenyl]-methylcarbamate 25 which is a brand new substance and which was successfully characterized.
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Chemical Reactions and Light Energy
Sečková, Jana ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
The thesis "Chemical reactions and light energy" deals with specific approach of teachers to students. Physical and chemical principles of chemical reactions and light energy are explained followed by suggestions of implementing these topics to lessons at basic schools, grammar schools and specialized chemistry high schools. In practical pedagogical part educational implementation of subject matter, image subject dictionary and school project of luminiscence are drawn. Practical chemical part includes 20 effective experiments for teachers, students and students with teacher. Demo experiments are organized in well-arranged file index with illustrations added. Selected experiments were tried out. There is suggestion of programme about luminiscence. Picture part includes photographs taken during laboratory works.
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Games and Toys as Chemistry Teaching Aids
Dubská, Martina ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
The thesis is devoted to the study of one of the methods of activation - the game. During the game, the students are involved actively, they are motivated and creative. The main aim is to explore the advantages of the introduction of gaming activities in the teaching of chemistry, as well as the overall topic of gaming activities, the conditions for these activities in chemistry teaching and suggestions for their implementation in education. The part of the thesis is complex of 11 precific games and toys, which are prepared for teaching chemistry at the primary and high schools and universities uncommonly. This file contains the rules, methodological instructions, time allocation, and everything needed for the teaching of games. The practical part will also find a list of many previously published and unpublished games and toys, which can serve as inspiration for teachers of chemistry. Making an inquiry carried out in two elementary schools to confirm the presumption that the study results achieved through gaming activities, are more satisfactory than the results, in which gaming activities were not used.
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Exectrochemical methods as tools for study complex macrocyclic moleculs
Liška, Alan ; Vojtíšek, Pavel (advisor) ; Liška, František (referee)
By means of electrochemical techniques, the electroreduction of polynitrocalix[4]arenes - molecules with multiple redox centers - was investigated and described. Based on interpretation of experimental data and on their correlation with quantum chemical calculations the relationship between structure and redox properties of the title molecules was revealed and discussed. It was shown that the tetranitrocalix[4]arenes involve two different couples of equivalent nitrogroups, what confirms experimentally the pinched shape of the molecule even in solution. The sequence of reduction steps was determined and the corresponding mechanism described. In the first part of the thesis different reduction mechanisms of p-substituted nitroaromates were found in dependence on substitution. It points to an important influence of lower ring substitution on the redox properties of the whole tetranitrocalix[4]arene.
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Electrochemical investigation of redox reactions of 2,2-dinitroethen-1,1-diamin (FOX-7) in aprotic media.
Kociánová, Radana ; Liška, František (advisor) ; Volke, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis is dealing with the electrochemical investigation of redox properties of a new compound 2,2-dinitroethen-1,1-diamine, which belongs among explosives and is known as FOX-7. Such research up to now was not performed. Using standard electrochemical methods (dc-polarography, cyclic voltammetry, coulometry and preparative electrolysis) the reducibility of the FOX-7 was investigated in aprotic solvents (in acetonitrile and dimethylformamide) with a special stress for understanding the reduction and/or decomposition mechanism. The work has been performed at the J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.
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Targeted next generation sequencing of candidate genes responsible for impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility
Daňková, Michaela ; Liška, František (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
Infertility is a widespread health problem, caused by the male factor in about half of all cases, and in about a half of the infertile men the cause is unknown. In a significant number of these men, genetic etiology is assumed. Current routine methods of laboratory diagnostics, which include karyotype examination, exclusion of mutations in the CFTR gene, and Y chromosome microdeletions, do not usually reveal the cause of infertility. That is why researchers' efforts aim at detecting mutations in other genes that are causing male infertility. In recent years, animal models have been used to identify many genes necessary for fertility. Based on these findings, 12 candidate genes have been selected (CAPZA3, CDC14B, CDC42, CNTROB, CSNK2A2, GOPC, HOOK1, HRB, OAZ3, ODF1, RIMBP3, SPATA16) that are essential for spermatogenesis. Mouse or rat mutants in these genes are primarily associated with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, since they are involved in sperm morphogenesis. However, the phenotype spectrum may comprise also azoospermia. The purpose of the thesis was to determine the sequence of the afore mentioned genes in infertile men with impaired spermatogenesis and to reveal presence or absence of pathogenic mutations in these genes, using cDNA and genomic DNA from peripheral blood. The candidate genes were...
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Male infertility and DNA germ cell breaks affected by the epigenetic factor PRDM9
Kusari, Fitore ; Trachtulec, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Děd, Lukáš (referee) ; Liška, František (referee)
DNA-binding histone-3-lysine-4,36-trimethyltransferase PRDM9 specifies meiotic recombination hotspots in mice, rats and humans. Interallelic variation at the Prdm9 locus plays a role in hybrid male sterility. Sterile mouse F1 hybrid male offspring from the PWD × C57BL/6J (B6) cross exhibit meiosis breakdown reminiscent of that observed in Prdm9-deficient B6 sterile mice. However, reciprocal (B6 × PWD)F1 hybrids and some rodent models lacking PRDM9, i.e., PWD and SHR rat males execute meiotic recombination, produce sperm, raising the possibility that PRDM9's role may extend beyond meiosis. Here I demonstrate that PRDM9 is important for post- meiotic male gamete development and release. Unlike their parents, (B6 × PWD)F1 generated spermatozoa of lower quantity and motility but higher percentage of deformations, thus resembling oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) (semi)sterile men. Histopathological and (ultra)structural analysis revealed compromised spermiogenesis characterized by acrosome detachment and aberrant nucleus elongation in (B6 × PWD)F1 hybrids. Consequently, F1 spermatozoa had malformed acrosomes and nuclear DNA breaks with elevated base oxidation. While deletion of one Prdm9 copy improved sperm phenotypes in (B6 × PWD)F1, copy number gains of the surrounding genes had the opposite effect....
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