|
|
Breeding and reintroduction of bearded volture (Gypaetus barbatus)
Rudolfová, Veronika ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (referee)
Vultures are a group of predators (Accipitriformes) of the Hawks family. It is a very unique group, which is distinguished from others mainly by its manner of eating and appearance. Vultures do not hunt live prey, but feast on carrion. Typical sign of these great predators is a bare head and long neck.
Bearded vulture is not a typical example of a vulture and speculations are held whether it should be classified in the vultures family. Although it feeds on carrions, its head is plumy and it does not stay in groups, but lives as a couple, individually or creates polyandric trios instead. Bearded vulture also lives in inaccessible terrain high in mountains, where its main component of nourishment are bones of farm and wild animals.
In the past century population of Bearded vulture greatly declined mainly due to illegal poisoning, decrease of natural habitat and nourishment and due to low natality. Low natality is caused by the fact that in a congeries of two eggs, only one can survive. The other egg functions only as a substitute. If both eggs hatch, the older hatchling exhibits sings of aggression towards the younger hatchling. The parents do not seek to interfere and encourage only the older hatchling. This aggression is an objective of examination of many experts aswell as attempting to prevent it.
The Programme Vulture Conservation Foundation (VCF) is an organization for vulture retrieval, which associates catteries and zoological gardens that want to participate in the spread of the Bearded vulture population. In the year 1986 this programme started to work and since then made huge steps. In Alps and Pyrenees there has been an increase in the number of individuals that give birth to young every year.
|
|
|
Rakovnik roller
Hejlová, Barbora ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
The scope of this bachelors dissertation is breeding of Rakovnik roller, which is one of the oldest Czech breed of pigeons.
The first part of dissertation is focused at zoological classification of Rakovnik roller. There is not known much information about its origin. Generally rollers are originated from Asia.
The second part of dissertation is focused at breeding of Rakovnik roller. It contains description of chamber dovecote and its equipment. There is further described necessary nutrition and fly attributes, so called rolling. The roller can be distinguished from the other species by the rolling. This attribute is most important during the breeding. The rolling are roll overs in air during the flight of 360 degrees. In nutrition part is further described appropriate kinds of grains suitable for rollers.
The third part is focused at issues of reproduction and breeding. In this part there is described how to suitable compile a couple and how to breed squabs. Furthermore there is in detail described a look of colour layouts and patterns. The last part is dedicated to veterinary issues.
Rakovnik roller is not difficult specie for breeding or nutrition. It is suitable for starting breeders.
|
|
|
Breeding of Eastern Rosellas in European Climate Conditions
Baierlová, Nikola ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
Summary
This work is aimed at parrot breeding of genus Rossella in Europe, in different climatic conditions than the conditions in the Southeast and South Australia where the birds come from. Here, you can find overview of their occurrence in nature, evaluation of biotope, feeding and information on breeding in human custody.
Eastern Rosellas (Platycersus eximius) live in pairs and each pair is very protective
of their own nesting teritory. Outside of the nesting season, Rosellas are moving around the land in small groups.
In nature, these parrots eat grain from grass or weeds, seeds from bushes, trees
and of course fruit.
The nesting season starts around february and lasts until august. In nature Rosellas nest in hollow trees, branches, tree stumps, columns, on top of fence post and even in rabbit holes.
The best option when it comes to breeding Rosellas, is an outside aviary, which best represents their natural habitat. European winter causes them little to no trouble, the same goes for severe frost, which allows for year-round stay in the outside aviary.
Rosellas have the similar eating habits as their parrot brethren, meaning sunflower seeds, millet, panic grass, canary and oat. An important supplement in their daily diet is green feed(ing), fresh fruit and vegetable, branches to nibble on, mineral substances, and fresh drinking water. During the nesting season and while with young, it is necessary to feed
the birds an egg mixture, it is an important source of protein.
Breeding of Rosellas is fairly effortless, they can easily nest even in small spaces. Ideal size of their bird house would be 25 x 25 x 60 - 70 cm with a fly-in entrance of 7 - 8 cm. It is necessary to hang the bird houses as high as possible in the protected part of aviary. Female lays 5 - 7 white colored eggs, on which she sits 21 - 22 days. Young birds leave
the nest in age between 28 - 35 days and then, are are partly fed additional 10 - 14 days by
the male.
Among the most frequent diseases of this species of pet birds belong those non contagious, e.g. hypovitaminosis, uricosis and, furthermore parasitical ones and pathogens as well as other contagious diseases or feather abnormalities, such as the so called French defeathering.
Breeding of Rosellas does not require an experienced breeder. With proper care, Rosellas can live up to 25 - 30 years and remain fertile their whole lives.
|
|
|
Breeding of parrots and their ethology
Ctiborová, Barbora ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (referee)
The aim of this work was to develop a literature review that discusses the parrots and their ethology. Nowadays, the breeding of parrots became very popular. Ever since the antiquity, birds were bred for their beautiful singing and colorful color. Over the time, the parrots were imported from overseas throughout the Europe. To keep parrot satisfied, it is important to follow proper breeding factors. This thesis is focused primarily on these factors, including suitable cages, their safety equipment, dimensions, bowls, perches and resources for the enrichment of life. If a prospective breeder selects a parrot, it is important to choose a suitable point of sale, or a private breeder. Furthermore, the thesis is concerned with proper nutrition for parrots and the correct composition. Another important chapter deals with diseases of parrots and their treatment. Parrots have many species and subspecies, among the most popular are cockatiels, roselies, budgies, African grey parrots and aras. These species are discussed within the section popular species farmed in the Czech Republic, which characterizes the species, its maintenance, and artificial breeding. The second part of the thesis refers to the ethology and behavior of parrots. General behavior of parrots is elaborated in detail. Another part of this chapter discusses the teachings of parrots and their proper upbringing. The behavior of parrots includes also sexual behavior and reproduction, which is discussed as well.
|
|
|
Breeding and vocalization of the Forpus parrots species
Albrechtová, Šárka ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (referee)
This Thesis is a summary of available sources on the topic of the pet breeding of Forpus parrots and their vocalization. Since the parrotlets became best known in Czech republic as pets 35 years ago, they are not that common as other small species. However it was their vibrant colouring, pleasant vocalization and low breeding demands that enchanted the breeders.
In the first part of the Thesis, there is introduction on the taxonomy of the species with emphasis on its history and still changing presence. Also there is general description of the biology of each of the species and subspecies in the nature with their localization.
The second part consists of information on the topic of hobby breeding. It summarizes current findings in the form of breeder's advice including information about successful breeding and also emphasises the epizootiology.
The last part is dedicated to the topic of vocalization because parrotlets are one of a few species that are capable of referential vocalization. So there is a brief anatomy of syrinx, types of calls and details about referential vocalization. Also, findings from the last 30 years of research are mentioned.
|
|
|
Rosela breeding species in European Climate Conditions
Hanzlíková, Dana ; Zita, Lukáš (advisor) ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (referee)
Summary
The bachelor thesis focuses on breeding of rosellas. The genus Rosella belongs to the family Psittaculidae and to the order Psittaciformes.
The first part of the thesis deals with rosella´s wildlife. Rosellas are Australian endemics, they can be found in rainforests, sclerophyl and savannah forests. As a result of human influence on changing their environment, they adapted to the agricultural landscape. The nesting biology is similar for all genus. The breeding season starts in spring when males court females. Couples choose hollows inside trees for nesting, the most frequently in the eucalyptus near to a water source. Only the female sits on eggs, the male takes care of her for the whole time. Both parents take care of hatched nestlings.
In the next part, there is discussed the issue of rosella´s nutrition. The correct feeding is important for parrot´s comfort and health. The composition of the appropriate feed is derived from their natural food.
In the next part, there are summarized current knowledge of breeding rosella. It is recommended to breed only one couple of rosellas, not to combine them with other species at all because of aggressive behaviour of this genus. The breeding in outdoor aviaries is perfect for rosellas in human care. They need enough space for flying. The reproduction is suitably supported by the outdoor environment. Most species are adapted to the European climatic conditions and tolerate cold periods. They will be satisfied with the shelter which is not needed to be heated and where they can hide from frost, rain and wind. Rosellas love water, they should have a bowl for this purpose. Mostly they nest without comlications, the problem can come with creating a suitable breeding pair. Rosellas are not too demanding in the case of nesting boxes.
The next part highlights the importance of hygiene and disease prevention. There are mentioned the most common diseases and ways to take care of sick parrots.
The representatives of the genus rosella are characterized in the last part of the thesis. The thesis concentrates on the western rosella and other less common species.
|
|
|
The kea and the kaka, their distribution, state of endangerment and cognitive abilities
Vrbenská, Šárka ; Ledvinka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zita, Lukáš (referee)
The kea and the kaka are parrots endemic to the New Zealand. The kea occures mainly in mountains, the kaka has it's habitat in the native forests. The kea can be easily tamed and is by then often seen around touristic locations. Eventhough, he is quite rare. His population is estimated on 5 000 individuals. Both species are threatened by introduced mammals, who predate on their eggs, chicks and rearing females. Their numbers are decreasing also because of a competition about honeydew with introduced wasps and the lost of their natural habitat. The last two reasons occur especialy with the kaka.
Both species feed generally on vegetal food supplemented with a small amount of animal protein, which is obtained principally from insects. Rumors about keas hunting and killing sheep are today considered being overstated, however there is a high possibility they like to nibble meat and fat from dead sheep. Despite this settlement and the fact they are both protected by law, some farmers keep shooting them.
There is only about 40 kakas and 250 keas in zoological gardens and other institutions over the world. Both species need to be kept in spacious aviaries that are firm enough to resist their strong beeks. They are very social so they must be kept in pairs or flocks.
These parrots are very inteligents, inquisitives and social. Therefore, there is a lot of experiments about the cognitive abilities of the kea. It has been found that he is able to learn simple tasks like pulling a string with a treat on it or opening a box with several locks. It is also possible that the individuals learn to perform operations only by simple observation of another bird.
|
guest ::
