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Summer resort Božkov. Contribution to study of transformation suburban landscape during the period of industrialization.
Koubová, Lucie ; Matoušek, Václav (advisor) ; Hájek, Jan (referee)
This degree work is devoted to the problems of recreational activities of Prague dwellers and interrelated change of the suburban landscape in the period of industrialisation. Particularly this work explores the period of 2nd half of 19th century and 1st decades of 20th century. In the theoretical part is briefly characterised the term industrialisation and relating term of the industrial revolution and further on this part is devoted to establishing and historical roots of recreational and leisure-time activities. The following chapter deals with the recreation in common in the period of industrialisation and relating particular chapter about the recreational activities of Prague dwellers in the explored periods. Theoretical part is concluded by the summary of scientifical study that explored the interwar Hradišťko summer resort. This study has served as an inspiration for the particular exploring mentioned in the empirical part of this work. This one is devoted to the conditions of the establishing and development of Prague- suburban Božkov summer resort in the interwar period. The conslusion of this work is devoted to genesis comparison of Hradišťko and Božkov summer resort.
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Stendhal and Italy
KOUBOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of the thesis is to introduce Stendhal´s relation to Italy on the basis of his literary production connected with italian milieu taking into account period literary-historical context. After an introduction, portrait of author and intoroduction of a historical context follows the major part of the thesis whose chapters aim at analysis of works Řím, Neapol a Florencie, Římské procházky and Abatyše v Castru from the point of view of genre, topic and expression. On the basis of this the thesis tries to clarify Stendhal´s relation to Italy, italian culture and society.
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Benefits of quantitative sputum processing in diagnosis of respiratory tract infections
KOUBOVÁ, Lucie
Lower tract respiratory infections (LRTI) remains worldwide among one of the most common causes of morbidity and therefore the early diagnosis and timely onset of effective antibiotic therapy is very important. The most often non-invasive material from LRT sent for microbiological analysis in suspected infections of LRT is spontaneously expectorated sputum. Basic method for its processing is then microscopy and cultivation analysis. For laboratory and consequently for the attending doctor to obtain the most exact correlation between the laboratory interpretation of the result and the clinical status of the patient is to asure clinical as well as technical validity of the sample. The purpose of this work is the comparison of two bacteriological methods for processing the sputum samples ? classic cultivation method of undiluted sputum samples and quantitative sputum culture. Another aim is to evaluate whether the quantitative sputum culture when only purulent samples are cultivated allows microbiologist higher quality interpretation of the analysis result. Clinical samples of spontaneously expectorated sputum were processed at the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Antibiotic Station (KMAS), Central Laboratories, Strakonice Hospital from April to October 2012. During the six months period KMAS received in total 266 samples of sputum, out of which 230 came from the hospitalized patients and 36 came from primary and outpatients. Sputum samples were received from the patients suspected of LTRI and in most of the cases sputum was collected prior to antibiotic therapy.All the samples were analysed by both compared methods. In classic cultivation method simultaneously with the microscopic Gram analysis the sample was inoculated on selected culture media. During the quantitative sputum culture the microscopic Gram analysis was performed first and contaminated sputa coming from URT were excluded from further analysis. Quantitative sputum culture was then performed only on purulent sputum samples with low rate of squamous epitelial cells. Those were homogenised prior the cultivation itself. The results of both methods were compared with the clinical status of the patient and then clinical characteristics of the methods were statistically analysed. They allowed the assessement of the precision of a particular method. All 36 samples from outpatients and primary care patients were processedby classic cultivation method. Sensitivity of classic cultivaiton method versus quantitative culture method reached 100%/ 100%, respectively, specificity reached 69%/74%, efectivity 69%/75%, positive predictive value 3%/3%, negative predictive value 100%/100% and positive credibility of laboratory analysis equaled 3,18/ 3,89. Out of the total 266 recieved samples from hospitalized patients 130 samples (57%) were processed by quantitative sputum culture on the basis of microscopic Gram analysis. Sensitivity of classic cultivation method versus quantitative culture method for these samples reached 62%/ 72%,, respectively, specificity reached 54%/67%, efectivity 56%/68%, positive predictive value 12%/14%, negative predictive value 54%/67% and positive credibility of laboratory analysis equaled 1,13/ 2,16. On the basis of the obtained results it is possible to recommend the quantitative sputum culture as the method which improves the interpretaion in the diagnostic of LRTI in all hospitalized, outpatient and primary patients. By excluding the material which is not suitable for quantitative sputum culture is not only shortened the time for the result interpretation but also consumer material is safed in the laboratory. The sputum samples cannot be excluded exclusively on the basis of microscopy analysis. Diagnosis of the patient must to be taken into account as well. Quantitaive sputum culture in microscopically valid samples allows microbiologist predict with greater accuracy colonising suspect pathogens and isolates truly pathogenic.
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Toxicomania
KOUBOVÁ, Lucie
This diploma thesis focuses on the issues connected with the toxicomania. In the theoretic part I focus on the basic terms and definitions of toxicomania. Then I orient on the origin and development of the most used narcotics from the time of their origin till the present. I also follow up the problems of each narcotic, how it influences the people´s behaviour and the risks coming out of the usage. Risks factors and reasons, which lead a person to try a narcotics are listed and I point out at the importance of prevention which should start really early. In case of the development of addiction I show the suitable ways of treatment. The theoretical part ends with the chapter of issues connected with illegal drugs, their usage and production and the punishements in the Czech and Slovak republic.
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