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Interactions between microsporidial parasites and the host cladoceran Daphnia pulex in a simple environment of a forest pond
Krylová, Pavla ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Hyliš, Miroslav (referee)
Among the most common endoparasites who infected small crustacean Daphnia pulex include microsporidia. These intracellular parasites appear to look like a simple single- celled organisms, but their cell structure and lifecycle prove the opposite. Microsporidia are species-specific. Although they infected most organisms of the animal kingdom, they are not yet sufficiently understood. This theses is inderectly followed up to the studies of waterflea Daphnia longispina and microsporidia Berwaldia schaefernai from the dam reservoirs The aim was to analyze closer microsporidian infection on host Daphnia pulex in a forest pool with simple enviroment, which included monitoring time dynamics of Daphnia population and identification infection caused by microsporidia Berwaldia singularis and yet unknown microsporidia labor-marked "HVH". Laboratory work included determination of zooplankton and parasites, calculation of prevalence, laboratory experiments with transmission of microsporidian infection between healthy and infected flea culture or by isolated spores. Genetic analysis of aquatic invertebrates from the forest pool, especially larvae of mite and mosquitos, helped make closer microsporidian life cycle and hypothesis about secondary hosts, for the presence of pathogen DNA using specific DNA...
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Molecular Phylogeny, Biology and Classification of the Microsporidia (MIcrosporidia, Fungi) According to the Model Groups from Caddis Flies (Insecta, Trichoptera) and Butterflies (Insecta, Lepidoptera)
Hyliš, Miroslav
Twenty-four microsporidia from Trichoptera and Lepidoptera as well as 5 microsporidia from potential intermediate hosts (Crustacea, Amphipoda) were isolated and screened using light and electron microscopy and molecular biology methods. The screened organisms represented the following genera in the conventional classification of Microsporidia (Canning and Vávra, 2000) Nosema (7), Endoreticulatus (3), Cystosporogenes (2), Thelohania (4), Gurleya (1), Cougourdella (1), Pyrotheca (1), Episeptum (5), Toxoglugea (1), Larssoniella (2), unresolved isolates (2) (the number of species examined in respective genera is given in parentheses). The publications report the ecological and experimental data on the prevalence, host and tissue specificity and transmission. All studied microsporidia from Trichoptera beloning to genera Episeptum, Paraepiseptum n.g., Zelenkaia n.g. are host-species specific parasites infecting fat body and oenocytes of their hosts. Their spores are not infective for the original host, their life cycle involves probably an intermediate host and (or) transovarial transmission. Data obtained by rDNA sequencing showed that microsporidia (genera Thelohania, Gurleya, Toxoglugea) from several of Gammarus spp., occurring sympatrically with Trichoptera are not involved in the life cycle of...
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Molecular Phylogeny, Biology and Classification of the Microsporidia (Microsporidia,Fungi) According to the Model Groups from Caddis Flies (Insecta, Trichoptera) and Butterflies (Insecta, Lepidoptera).
Hyliš, Miroslav ; Vávra, Jiří (advisor) ; Koudela, Břetislav (referee) ; Weiser, Jaroslav (referee)
RESULTS: Theresultsof thePh.D.thesiscanbesummarizedinto4 thematicareas: l ) screeningand experimentaldataconcemingthe prevalence,genusand speciesdiversíty. hostandtissuespeciťrcityand of ecological. pathofyziologicalcharactersof infectionsand of theirtransmission. 2) classificationandtaxonomystudies 3) resultsofsequencingfollowedby phylogenyanalysis 4) resultsoťcomparativestudybasedon summarizeddata Ad r) T\."enty-fourmicrosporidiafrom Trichopteraand Lepidopteraas well as 5 microsporidiafrom potentialintermediatehosts (Crustacea,Amphipoda) were isolatedand screenedusing light andelectronmicroscopyandmolecularbiologymethods.The screenedorganismsrepresented thefollolving generain theconventionalclassificationof Microsporidia (Canrringand Vávra, 2000)ů,osema(7). Endoreticulatus (3), C1lstosporogenes(2). Thelohania (4), Gurleya (1), Cougourdella(l), Pyrotheca(l), Episeptum(5), Toxoglugea(1),Larssoniella (2),unresolved isolates(2)(thenumberofspeciesexaminedin respectivegenerais givenin parentheses). The publications(l-3) and the abstract(8) reportthe ecologicaland experimentaldataon the prevalence,hostand tissue specificity and transmission of l0 examinedmicrosporidia.The :.';!:rtion(.1)and the abstract (7) describe ecological and experimentaldata on several 'f microsporidiaof theglpsy moth,Lymantria dispar...
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Interactions between microsporidial parasites and the host cladoceran Daphnia pulex in a simple environment of a forest pond
Krylová, Pavla ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Hyliš, Miroslav (referee)
Among the most common endoparasites who infected small crustacean Daphnia pulex include microsporidia. These intracellular parasites appear to look like a simple single- celled organisms, but their cell structure and lifecycle prove the opposite. Microsporidia are species-specific. Although they infected most organisms of the animal kingdom, they are not yet sufficiently understood. This theses is inderectly followed up to the studies of waterflea Daphnia longispina and microsporidia Berwaldia schaefernai from the dam reservoirs The aim was to analyze closer microsporidian infection on host Daphnia pulex in a forest pool with simple enviroment, which included monitoring time dynamics of Daphnia population and identification infection caused by microsporidia Berwaldia singularis and yet unknown microsporidia labor-marked "HVH". Laboratory work included determination of zooplankton and parasites, calculation of prevalence, laboratory experiments with transmission of microsporidian infection between healthy and infected flea culture or by isolated spores. Genetic analysis of aquatic invertebrates from the forest pool, especially larvae of mite and mosquitos, helped make closer microsporidian life cycle and hypothesis about secondary hosts, for the presence of pathogen DNA using specific DNA...
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Ultrastructure of eustigmatophycean algae
Fišerová, Melánie ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Hyliš, Miroslav (referee)
In 1971, the algal class Eustigmatophyceae, Stramenopiles, was detached by Hibberd and Leedale from the class Xanthophyceae, Stramenopiles, on the basis of prominent ultrastructural differences in vegetative cells and more importantly in zoospores, such as the presence of big extraplastidial stigma. The class was divided into four families, six genera and twelve species. It seems so far, that there is a deep dichotomy within the class. Eliáš et al. (unpublished) recom- mend to establish two orders based on molecular sequencing of 18S rDNA and rbcL: Eustigmatales (sen- su Eustigmatophyceae described by Hibberd) and Goniochloridales (order containing Goniochloris, Pseu- dostaurastrum and undescribed relatives). The order Eustigmatales is divided into three separate lineages, most likely families: Eustigmataceae (A1), Monodopsidaceae (A2) and a new family Pseudellipsoidiona- ceae (A3). In this study the ultrastructure of 10 eustigmatophycean strains from three separate lineages was investigated. The typical characteristics of this class as chloroplast without a girdle lamella, a reddish glo- bule and lamellate vesicles were found in all strains studied. The appearance of the lamellate vesicles was found to change during the life cycle. My research indicates that other characteristics, formerly...
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Molecular Phylogeny, Biology and Classification of the Microsporidia (MIcrosporidia, Fungi) According to the Model Groups from Caddis Flies (Insecta, Trichoptera) and Butterflies (Insecta, Lepidoptera)
Hyliš, Miroslav
Twenty-four microsporidia from Trichoptera and Lepidoptera as well as 5 microsporidia from potential intermediate hosts (Crustacea, Amphipoda) were isolated and screened using light and electron microscopy and molecular biology methods. The screened organisms represented the following genera in the conventional classification of Microsporidia (Canning and Vávra, 2000) Nosema (7), Endoreticulatus (3), Cystosporogenes (2), Thelohania (4), Gurleya (1), Cougourdella (1), Pyrotheca (1), Episeptum (5), Toxoglugea (1), Larssoniella (2), unresolved isolates (2) (the number of species examined in respective genera is given in parentheses). The publications report the ecological and experimental data on the prevalence, host and tissue specificity and transmission. All studied microsporidia from Trichoptera beloning to genera Episeptum, Paraepiseptum n.g., Zelenkaia n.g. are host-species specific parasites infecting fat body and oenocytes of their hosts. Their spores are not infective for the original host, their life cycle involves probably an intermediate host and (or) transovarial transmission. Data obtained by rDNA sequencing showed that microsporidia (genera Thelohania, Gurleya, Toxoglugea) from several of Gammarus spp., occurring sympatrically with Trichoptera are not involved in the life cycle of...
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