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Effects of peripheral inflammation on gene expression modulation in passerines and parrots
Kuttiyarthu Veetil, Nithya ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Hyršl, Pavel (referee) ; Harazim, Markéta (referee)
(English) Birds have well-defined roles in maintaining the ecological balance as predators, seed dispersers, nutrient cyclers, and pollinators making them an integral part of many ecosystems. Birds are often the flag-ship species and are important for wildlife preservation. Some of the avian populations are very well connected across the globe through their annual migration, increasing risks of epidemics of infections. Birds also face different levels of existence encounters in challenging living conditions like deserts and cold mountains. To cope with these diverse environments not only need physiological adaptations, but also a very well-equipped immune system, optimised to challenges common to the environment they inhabit. How well a host immune system responds to pathogens determines the overall fitness of the organism and its survival. Insight into the avian immune system functions is of great significance as birds are reservoirs of innumerable pathogens. They have been the primary source of several major epidemics' onset leading to worldwide human and animal fatalities (e.g., COVID-19, Avian influenza, or West Nile virus outbreaks). Similar to all living beings, avian hosts and pathogens are always in a continuous adaptational arms race. This coevolution of hosts and their pathogens forms the...
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Coevolution of cytokines from the interleukin 10 family and their receptors
Harazim, Markéta ; Schneider, Bohdan (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
Interleukin 10 family (FIL-10) is an important family of cytokines triggering immune response of different outcome, from antiinflammatory factor interleukin (IL) 10 through epithelia related subfamily of IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24, to IL-22 and IL-26 with role in infection immunity. The family is closely related to interferons (IFNs), several of which (Interferon λs) are commonly placed into FIL-10 for its functional and structural similarities with FIL-10 proteins. FIL-10 interleukins share several receptors, which in different combinations of receptors and interleukin result in different immune response. As the family proteins are expressed in as evolutionary old taxa as cartilaginous fish, we presumed a coevolution in the protein family and the corresponding receptors would be detectable in the sequences of genes and subsequently proteins of FIL-10. Using statistical methods, evolutionary relations within the group of FIL-10 and group of their receptors were resolved. Coevolution of the cytokine-receptor combination in FIL-10 was detected in some of the expected cases. IL10RB seems to be consistently in coevolution with IL-10. Evolution of IL20RB receptor, which is shared within the group by IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24, is directed by IL-20 evolution, coevolution with IL-19 and IL-24 is in most cases...
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Coevolution of cytokines from the interleukin 10 family and their receptors
Harazim, Markéta ; Schneider, Bohdan (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
Interleukin 10 family (FIL-10) is an important family of cytokines triggering immune response of different outcome, from antiinflammatory factor interleukin (IL) 10 through epithelia related subfamily of IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24, to IL-22 and IL-26 with role in infection immunity. The family is closely related to interferons (IFNs), several of which (IFN s, and in this study alsoλ IFN ) are commonly placed into FIL-10 for its functional and structural similarities with FIL-10γ proteins. FIL-10 interleukins share several receptor subunits, which in different combinations of receptors and interleukin bound result in different immune response. As the family proteins are expressed in as evolutionary old taxa as cartilaginous fish, we presumed a coevolution in the protein family and the corresponding receptors would be detectable in the sequences of genes and subsequently proteins of FIL-10. Using statistical and structure biological methods, evolutionary relations within the group of FIL-10 and group of their receptors were resolved, with notable division of IFN into independent groups of fish and the later vertebrates. Coevolutionγ of the ligand receptor combination in FIL-10 was detected in most cases, with exception of some interactions of IL10RB, the most widely used receptor subunit in the family,...
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