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Smoking and smoking habits in elementary school children
Pochmanová, Petra ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
According to WHO a smoking of cigarettes and other tobacco products is the second most common cause of dead worldwide and the fourth most widespread risk factor causing life threatening diseases. Smoking has also certain social impact. While in the nineteenth century and at the beginning of twentieth century it was considered to be some kind of characteristic for a specific social level. At fall of twentieth century harmfulness of smoking and it's connection with lung carcinoma and other illneses was proved. Four milions people die every year owing to tobacco smoking. My bachelor work considers problem of smoking in 2 aspects. Literature retrieval which is the main part is focused on the history and prevalence of smoking and smoking conventions in the Czech republic and in the World. It describes prevalence of smoking with respect of age, sex, educational level, geographical specifics, and other social and cultural determinants. Practical part of the work is questionary research which was accomplished among second grade students at primary schools. Its objective is to answer specific question regarding smoking of children and their parents. Research was carried out at selected primary schools in Bilina. For instance our principal interestest were numbers of regulary smoking children and what age they...
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Personal exposure to PM10 of selected workplaces in a coal strip mine determined by experiment
Basslerová, Barbora ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
This thesis compares the experimentally determinated values of PM1, PM2,5, respirable fraction and PM10 between the cab drivers and the outdoor walkway of the bucket wheel excavator in the brown coal strip mine Doly Nástup Tušimice between March 16 and March 23, 2015. For the measurement of individual fractions, portable laser nephelometers were used. Superiority of coarse aerosol was confirmed outside from the total measurement time accounted for 82 %. PM10 fraction predominated outside and changed throughout the day depending on the activity carried out by a worker. Regular cleaning by sweeping stretches of dunes had an impact on PM10 concentrations. Fluctuations in the concentration of PM1 were detected in the driver cab due to smokers stay at this workplace. For these reasons there is a concentration difference between work shifts. Air temperature and relative humidity were also monitored in both types of work places. The air temperature average values reached over the range recommended for the optimal working environment in the driver cab. The thesis finds out personal exposure of a bucket-wheel excavator driver which is below the limit for the total concentration. Smaller fractions appears to be a potentially health risk. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Trends in sulphur and nitrogen occult deposition across the Northern Hemisphere
Švorc, Daniel ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to collect data of concentrations and depositions of sulfur and nitrogen from occult precipitation, using the research of available scientific publications. Through atmospheric deposition are pollutants from air transported into other environmental spheres. It has two main components: dry (which takes place mainly by gravitational processes and its ongoing) and wet (which takes place in the presence of precipitations). Wet component consist of vertical and occult parts, representing the types of precipitations. Establishing total wet deposition encounter a problem in establishing a occult deposition. Problem is, in particular, setting of deposition flux, for which it is necessary to determinate a number of parameters. A considerable part of studies, therefore, do not examine the deposition itself, because of complexity of assessment, but examines chemical composition of fog, low clouds and rime, which is proportionally related to values of occult deposition. Most studies were examining from occult precipitation a fog, especially at higher altitudes, where due to the more frequent occurrence, significant contribute to the total atmospheric wet deposition. Occult precipitations are in longer contact with vegetation, and unlike the rainfall, are surrounded whole leaf,...
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Analysis of air quality in Ostrava on the basis of long term time trends
Pěčka, Petr ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
Air pollution is one of the major environmental problems. It can result in adverse health impacts such as morbidity, mortality, cancer and carcinogenic effects. High population density in cities contributes to the importance of the problem in urbanized areas.. The third biggest city of the Czech Republic, Ostrava, which is the subject of this thesis, is one of the most polluted areas in the country. The main air pollutants of concern are suspended particles and poly aromatic hydrocarbons. Ostrava is also one of the most polluted areas from the European perspective. It is an industrial city, where significant portion of the national heavy industry is concentrated. Local heating and traffic are other sources of air pollution. There is also a potential influence from a near-by industrial area in Poland. This thesis deals with long term time series, including air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO), meteorological variables (temperature, rainfall, duration of sunshine) and socio-economic factors (e.g. unemployment rate, number of registered vehicles, investments into environment, fuel consumption in industry, e.t.c.). This study also looks at the close down effect of industrial operations in Ostrava within last 35 years. Both concentration of pollutants and emissions showed significantly decreasing trend since...
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Ambient air influence on human health in 2003
Knobová, Veronika ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Braniš, Martin (referee)
In August 2003 a 15-days lasting enormous wave of high temperature and unusually high ozone concentration affected several European countries. During first two weeks in August new daily temperature records were registered in several European countries. The summer in period from June to August 2003 became the warmest in Europe since 16th century. This fact evoked impact on health of population and even on bounce of the mortality. In 20 days in August France - as the most affected country - noticed almost 15 thousand casualties. The increase of the mortality was also registered in Western, South, partially in Central Europe but mostly in France, Spain, Italy, UK, Portugal, Switzerland and Germany. This bachelor thesis is focused on impact of temperature, ozone and aerosol pollution to increased mortality. The study is based mainly on foreign studies concerning this issue. Keywords: Air quality, air temperature, heat wave, heat-related mortality, summer 2003
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The role of exposure assessment in development of risk reduction strategies for air quality
Bartoňová, Alena ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
The relationship between deteriorated outdoor air quality and human health is one of the most studied environmental health issues. The concept of exposure, the link between environmental status and human health, has emerged in the late 1970's, recognizing that fixed monitoring stations do not represent concentrations at the places where persons spend time. Many advances have been made since. Characterizing the individual's exposure reduces uncertainty in links with health, but it implies a question about how exposure (as opposed to directly using concentrations) can be used in the regulatory process. This thesis addresses exposure assessment from several perspectives, with the aim to address its role in air quality management. We are interested in how to use exposure information for policy- and decision making, we investigate if a European-level subgroup-based exposure estimate can provide useful information for designing differentiated measures to protect specific groups, we design an exposure estimate for risk assessment in a specific situation with limited health and air pollution data, and we describe the challenges of the inherent inter-disciplinarity and suggest how to deal with them. We introduce the "full chain" approach to environmental health that links policy - pollution source -...
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Assessment of odour annoyance in Štětí
Mikšovská, Petra ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
This thesis solves the odour issue in the ambient air. Due to the rising of a standard of living, people are no longer tolerant to excessive odours in the environment. Subject of the research is a perception of odour by inhabitants of the town Štětí. Štětí belongs to areas facing odour annoyance of its inhabitants, where the main source is a paper mill Mondi Štětí a.s. The goal of this thesis is to find out if the inhabitants of the town percieve the odour annoyance coming from the paper mill as problematic and explore their opinion of the odour situation in the area with respect to a near past, wish to the future and frequency of annoyance. Next goal is to find out if there exist a relation between immission concentrations of odours typical for a paper mill industry (sulfane, TRS) and subjective assessment of odour intensity by enquired inhabitants, and also what effect have different factors affecting odour perception (age, sex, pregnancy, smoking, personal and family relationship to the paper mill and adaptation to odours) on this relation. Method chosen to get the answers is a repetitive questioning of the inhabitants. In years 2010-2011 there were 16 events on which were made personal interviews with the inhabitants of Štětí near the immission measuring stations in Štětí. Totally 538 people...
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