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DNA Methylation Changes as Potential Biomarkers in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer
Hušek, Petr ; Pacovský, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Študent, Vladimír (referee) ; Doležel, Jan (referee)
DNA methylation changes as potential biomarkers in the treatment of bladder cancer Introdution Bladder Cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy of the urinary tract. BC has two categories. Approximately 75 % of patients with BC present with disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa (non muscle invasive bladder tumor - NMIBC). Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a very specific subgroup of NMIBC, because it is not a papillary lesion but a flat tumor, which is why CIS can be missed in cystoscopy. CIS is always a high grade tumor. Without any treatment, approximately 54% of patients with CIS progressed to muscle- invasive or metastatic disease. The second category covers patients with muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). These patients have a higher prevalence of progression rates and higher cancer- specific mortality. Patients with NMIBC are indicated to transurethral tumor resection (TUR) alone or with adjuvant treatment (intravesical chemotherapy or intravesical Bacillus Calmette- Guérin - BCG immunotherapy). BCG is an attenuated mycobacterium developed as a vaccine for tuberculosis that has demonstrated antitumor activity in BC intravesical instillation, and significantly reduces the progression risk of high grade papillary lesion and CIS. The therapy of MIBC is radical cystectomy - hard mutilating surgery...
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DNA Methylation Changes as Potential Biomarkers in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer
Hušek, Petr ; Pacovský, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Študent, Vladimír (referee) ; Doležel, Jan (referee)
DNA methylation changes as potential biomarkers in the treatment of bladder cancer Introdution Bladder Cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy of the urinary tract. BC has two categories. Approximately 75 % of patients with BC present with disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa (non muscle invasive bladder tumor - NMIBC). Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a very specific subgroup of NMIBC, because it is not a papillary lesion but a flat tumor, which is why CIS can be missed in cystoscopy. CIS is always a high grade tumor. Without any treatment, approximately 54% of patients with CIS progressed to muscle- invasive or metastatic disease. The second category covers patients with muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). These patients have a higher prevalence of progression rates and higher cancer- specific mortality. Patients with NMIBC are indicated to transurethral tumor resection (TUR) alone or with adjuvant treatment (intravesical chemotherapy or intravesical Bacillus Calmette- Guérin - BCG immunotherapy). BCG is an attenuated mycobacterium developed as a vaccine for tuberculosis that has demonstrated antitumor activity in BC intravesical instillation, and significantly reduces the progression risk of high grade papillary lesion and CIS. The therapy of MIBC is radical cystectomy - hard mutilating surgery...
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