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Kvalita života a urbanizace chudoby v Peru
Diatelová, Michaela
The thesis addresses the quality of life and urbanization of poverty in twenty-five regions of Peru and compares the situation in 2007 and 2017. The analysis includes Zipf's law, Gini index, beta and sigma convergence, composite indicator, and visualization of secondary data from the census and the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The Quality-of-Life Index consists of ten indicators according to income poverty, housing, education, fertility and citizenship. The results showed an uneven distribution of the population with urbanization around 79% in 2017. More than a third of the population lived in Lima and about a fifth in the regions of Piura, La Libertad, Arequipa and Cajamarca. About 79% of Peru's population still lived in their place of birth. Although the proportion of income poor has fallen, the Gini Index of urban income poverty has increased and still remained above 0.5. It pointed to growing inequality in income redistribution. Even if it is a middle-income country, over six million people lived in poverty in 2017, including one million in extreme conditions. The worst quality of life in cities was recorded in the tropical rainforests of Selva and in the mountain belt of Sierra. Between 2007 and 2017, the quality of life deteriorated in the regions of Pasco, Lima, Moquegua, Callao and Tacna. Gradually, the gap in quality of life between urban and rural areas is getting ever deeper.
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