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The role of polyploidisation in the evolution of the genus Chenopodium with a focus on Chenopodium quinoa
Babčanová, Natália ; Štorchová, Helena (advisor) ; Cvrčková, Fatima (referee)
Chenopodium is a cosmopolitan paraphyletic genus. Belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and the Chenopodioideae monophyletic subfamily. Diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species are found in almost all evolution branches of Chenopodioideae, in the case of Chenopodium album, different degrees of ploidy occur within a single species. The degree of ploidy is an important factor in the study of evolution and phylogenetic relationships between Chenopodium species and it also affects the speciation and morphology. The genus Chenopodium includes weeds as well as cultivated crops, such as Chenopodium quinoa, Ch. pallidicaule, Ch. ambrosioides or Swaeda foliosa. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is the best known species of the Chenopodium genus. It is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), derived from the same albeit not yet known diploid parents as a closely related tetraploid Ch. berlandieri. Some of its alleles segregate as in a functional diploid, which complicates genetic analyses and breeding efforts. This species features high genetic variability due to gene flow between weed and crop populations and some other evolution processes that are affected by polyploidy. Quinoa is referred to as a pseudocereal and it has been used as a crop in South America as early as in the Inca times. It can survive at locations unsuitable...
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