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Effects of selected natural substances on the antioxidant system of an organism
Hodková, Anna ; Eybl, Vladislav (advisor) ; Mayer, Otto (referee) ; Anzenbacherová, Eva (referee)
of study named: Effects of selected natural substances on the antioxidant system of an organism Developed: Mgr. Anna Hodková Department of Pharmacology and Toxikology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague Pilsen 2016 The aim of this study was to compare the effects of selected natural substances on the antioxidant defense system under comparable conditions, focusing on influencing the activity of selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1). Experiments were performed in rats (Wistar, male). Livers, and in some cases kidneys were collected in all experiments. Homogenates were created from the collected organs and subsequently the activity of TrxR-1 and GPx-1, glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LP) levels were determined. We demonstrated significant effects of selected natural substances on the redox system, including influences of selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase. The biggest influence on the activity of selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase had hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein (OLEU). In rat liver tissue there was a significant decrease of the activity of both above mentioned enzymes after...
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The effect of silymarin, naringin and resveratrol on the liver damage induced by some xenobiotics
Kovaříková, Pavla ; Eybl, Vladislav (advisor) ; Anzenbacherová, Eva (referee) ; Mayer, Otto (referee)
The vast majority of exogenous substances is metabolized in the liver. In the course of the biotransformation, partly biologically non-active products, partly reactive species leading to cell structure injury and even to the liver failure are produced. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the toxic- and drug-induced liver damage. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants contribute to equilibrium between the production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species and thus prevent the oxidative stress. In acute experiments in rats we examined the ability of natural antioxidants silymarin, naringin and resveratrol and of synthetic chelator deferipron to protect against liver damage induced by paracetamol, thioacetamide and tamoxifen. The following parameters of oxidative stress were measured in the liver homogenates: level of lipid peroxidation (LP), concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and of catalase (CAT); in some cases the iron liver content. The following markers of liver damage were measured in serum: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH). Concernig markers of oxidative status, silymarin exerted the most efficient antioxidant properties amelioratig the TAA- and TAM-induced lipid...
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The metabolic pathway arginine-nitric oxide and its pharmacological modulation in acute and chronic airway diseases
Havlínová, Zuzana ; Chládek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Anzenbacherová, Eva (referee) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
The first part of the theses describes the changes in the metabolic pathway of arginine- nitric oxide using a model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Wistar rats. ALI was induced by i.p. or i.t. administration of 5 mg/kg LPS (Escherichia coli, serotype O55:B5). The observational period was terminated at 3, 6 and 24 hrs following the administration. After that, the expression was studied at mRNA and protein levels of inducible and endothelial NO synthases (eNOS, iNOS), arginase 1 and 2 (ArgI, ArgI), and of cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) in lung and liver tissue, Experimental work also included the monitoring of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and arginine concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). The model was further characterized by biochemical markers, the indices of alveolo- capillary membrane permeability, the presence of inflammatory cells and the concentrations of oxidative and nitrossative stress markers in the airways. After i.p. injection of LPS, a profound increase occurred in exhaled eNO and NOx concentrations in BAL and plasma. The increase in eNO was observed already in 2 hr following LPS application and its maximum was >30fold above the controls. After i.t. application, there were signs of increased oxidative stress in...
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