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Phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems - forms, determination, cycling
Hejzlar, Josef ; Borovec, Jakub
Ecological importance of phosphorus in the aquatic environment is analysed. Starting with characterising the phosphorus chemistry and properties of its compounds in water and organisms, the paper gives an overview of external and internal sources of P for aquatic ecosystems, explains main principles of cycling within the water column and between the water column and bottom sediments and discusses relations between phosphorus concentrations and eutrophication.
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Model analysis of effects of hydrodynamics and nutrient loading to water-quality in a dimictic reservoir (Jordán)
Jarošík, Jiří ; Hejzlar, Josef ; Borovec, Jakub ; Růžička, Martin
The dynamic, two-dimensional model CE-QUAL-W2 was used to simulate recovery conditions in the eutrophic Jordan Reservoir. The aims were: (i) to calibrate the model and discuss differences between simulated and measured data; (ii) to use the calibrated model to determine the effects of external and internal phosphorus load and the depth of outlet on trophic conditions. After calibration the model reproduced thermal stratification, oxygen regime and concentrations of NO3-N with sufficient precision. Simulation of PO4-P was less exact. The results of mathematical simulation showed that (i) the required mesotrophic level cannot be accomplished without a significant decrease in inflow concentration of total phosphorus; (ii) the internal load of phosphorus is small and become insignificant after decrease of external load; and (iii) the use of bottom outlet is a potentially efficient method to partly decrease trophic level of Jordan Reservoir.
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Possibilities to decrease of the phosphorus concentrations in wateshed and reservoir
Borovec, Jakub ; Hejzlar, Josef ; Maršálek, Blahoslav
P concentrations in the outflow from the watershed result from the group of factors including geology, climate, vegetation cover, morphology of streams and others. Selection of the watershed restoration strategy and its optimalisation depends on the regional, but the common idea for management of both watershed and reservoir should be the recovery to natural processes of nutrient retention together with the idea of sustainable development of the landscape. For the reservoirs, it is always lucrative to precede their overloading by phosphorus. Thinking about the decrease of P in the reservoir, the only possibility is to remove the sediments as the final deposition pool in the P-cycle. In case of the decrease of P in the water column, i.e. available for algae, another procedures of reservoir management can be used.
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