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Pupils' Problems and Mistakes when Manipulating Algebraic Expressions
Bílek, Vladimír ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Žalská, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on mistakes and problems in manipulations with the algebraic expressions occurring to pupils at the second level of Elementary school. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part contains description of manipulations with algebraic expressions, selected results of international comparative surveys, and an analysis of related foreign research. Analysis of three series of textbooks, according to which pupils involved in the experimental project are taught, is essential for understanding of possible origins of their mistakes. The classification of mistakes in manipulations with algebraic expressions is included. At the core of the work is the experimental part aiming to identify problems and mistakes of pupils when manipulating and working with algebraic expressions. The participants of the research consisted of six third-grade pupils of an eight-year Grammar school (13-14 years old) and eight ninth-grade pupils of an Elementary school (14-15 years old). Test used for my experiment came from the GA ČR project Critical parts of mathematics in primary school. The investigation was carried out individually with each pupil by the method of monitoring clinical interviews over the solution of the test tasks. The obtained data was qualitatively...
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The development of abilities important for the school mathematics via board games within the after school-club
Ryšavá, Marcela ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Žalská, Jana (referee)
The aim of this work "The development of important abilities for the school mathematics via board games within the After - School Club" is to find out the improvement of 3. grade pupils in selected mathematical abilities via repeated board games within afternoon activities. This work compares five month results obtained in pre-test and post-test of preselected board games. The theoretical part explains the concept of game, afternoon activities, school children, spatial imagination, school educational program and characteristics of selected board games. The practical part includes the preparation and the course of the testings as well as the final data. The results indicate that the development of mathematical abilities via board games is possible. KEYWORDS School children, After - School Club, board games, spatial and plain imagination, school educational program
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Argumentation in mathematics teachers' beliefs and practices in the context of the Czech Republic
Žalská, Jana ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee) ; Kaenders, Rainer (referee)
I aim to describe how teachers' beliefs and practices influence the way mathematical argumentation is conducted in lower secondary mathematics classroom within the Czech curricular context. I present results of two studies: the first one characterises the Czech curricular context, namely, the national curricular document and aspects of justification of mathematical statements in selected series of mathematics textbooks. The second study reports on characteristics of teachers' beliefs and practices as related to argumentation on an example of six purposefully selected teachers, via interviews and observations of their lessons. Finally, I select three teachers with differing approaches to teaching and describe specific observed instances in their practices in relation to classroom norms regarding argumentation, justification of general mathematical truths, and aspects of arguments. I show how teachers' beliefs, a textbook and pupils may influence the observed arguments. The studies show that a teachers' emphasis on efficiency (fulfilling school curriculum demands) on one hand and on sense-making on the other lead to distinct implemented curricula. The curricular context and teachers' practice analysis suggest that justification of general truths is generally seen as important but without clear cognitive aims...
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Pupils' Problems and Mistakes when Manipulating Algebraic Expressions
Bílek, Vladimír ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Žalská, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on mistakes and problems in manipulations with the algebraic expressions occurring to pupils at the second level of Elementary school. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part contains description of manipulations with algebraic expressions, selected results of international comparative surveys, and an analysis of related foreign research. Analysis of three series of textbooks, according to which pupils involved in the experimental project are taught, is essential for understanding of possible origins of their mistakes. The classification of mistakes in manipulations with algebraic expressions is included. At the core of the work is the experimental part aiming to identify problems and mistakes of pupils when manipulating and working with algebraic expressions. The participants of the research consisted of six third-grade pupils of an eight-year Grammar school (13-14 years old) and eight ninth-grade pupils of an Elementary school (14-15 years old). Test used for my experiment came from the GA ČR project Critical parts of mathematics in primary school. The investigation was carried out individually with each pupil by the method of monitoring clinical interviews over the solution of the test tasks. The obtained data was qualitatively...
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The development of abilities important for the school mathematics via board games within the after school-club
Ryšavá, Marcela ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Žalská, Jana (referee)
The aim of this work "The development of important abilities for the school mathematics via board games within the After - School Club" is to find out the improvement of 3. grade pupils in selected mathematical abilities via repeated board games within afternoon activities. This work compares five month results obtained in pre-test and post-test of preselected board games. The theoretical part explains the concept of game, afternoon activities, school children, spatial imagination, school educational program and characteristics of selected board games. The practical part includes the preparation and the course of the testings as well as the final data. The results indicate that the development of mathematical abilities via board games is possible. KEYWORDS School children, After - School Club, board games, spatial and plain imagination, school educational program
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