|
|
Old cultural landscapes of Moravia
Kolejka, Jaromír
In the years 2016-2020, an inventory of landscape segments took place in the historical territory of Moravia, the appearance of which is currently similar to their image in the pre-industrial period on cadastral maps from the first half of the 19th century. When solving the project of the NAKI program of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic, 1139 segments of the old pre-industrial landscape larger than 10 ha were included in the extensive database. About 10 other characteristics were found for each segment, which serve for geostatistical analysis and classification. The article outlines the concept, time classification and procedure of identification of the remains of the old pre-industrial cultural landscape using the current color orthophotomap and imperial prints of cadastral maps from the 1820s-1830s. The historical events that preceded the emergence of the pre-industrial landscape are described in detail. The causes that led to dramatic changes in the cultural landscape in the age of industrial society are also listed. The map documentation provides an overview of the nature of the available data on old landscapes and the location of their identified remains in the historical territory of Moravia.\n\n
|
|
|
Landscape as a fixator of human memory - an example of the Hradec Králové battlefield from 1866
Kessler, Vojtěch ; Šrámek, J.
The relationship between man and the landscape in the 19th century is usually viewed through the prism of fundamental contemporary phenomena, i. e. primarily the industrial revolution, the construction and densening of the railway network and urbanization. The authors focus on a different level, namely the approach to the question how the landscape has changed due to the events of the war and the development of contemporary memory culture and historicism. An example of this is the scene of the largest battle of the 19th century in the Czech lands, the battlefield of the Prussian-Austrian war near Hradec Králové (Sadová). Using this example, they demonstrate the transformation of the former war field into a specific reverential and sepulchral locality and subsequently a monument area, whose existence survived not only the changes of the 20th century, but above all became an influential fixation of the 1866 war not only in the immediate region. However, according to their judgment, the landscape itself, which has not been fundamentally changed since the 19th century due to the heritage care, is an important factor in this reception.
|
|
|
Old quarries in Brno city: a bridge between natural and cultural heritage
Kubalíková, Lucie
Thanks to its position on the border of two important geological units (Bohemian Massif and Western Carpathian), Brno City possesses high lithological and morphological diversity. These geodiversity aspects significantly influenced the historical development of the city, its urban settings and the availability or use of natural resources. The history of exploitation of natural resources begins in the Palaeolothic (flints on Stránská skála), however, the quarrying itself dates to the Early Middle Age – e.g. the extraction of limestones at Hády and Stránská skála, Old Red sandstones and conglomerate at Červný kopec. Currently, there are tens of abandoned quarries and pits within Brno city, which give testimony about the geological history and history of use of the natural resources. These extraction sites are often protected by law as Natural Monuments or Reserves or Important Landscape Elements. Thanks to their values they represent an important resource of the knowledge in the Earth-sciences (paleontology, stratigraphy, speleology), but they have often the significance from the cultural and historical point of view (use of the material for local architecture, anthropogenic landforms related to mining, influence on the urban development). Quarries thus represent a bridge between natural and cultural landscape features or between natural and cultural heritage. The research on quarries (or extraction sites) can bring new insights into the problem of an integrated approach to the protection and conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
|
guest ::
