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Cardiac Surgical Patient in the RES Room and the Approach of a Nurse to Nursing Care
KAFKOVÁ, Zuzana
In the past years, the cardiac surgery performance was very demanding. The limited range of medical performances, imperfect procedures and techniques resulted in frequent postoperative complications and high postoperative mortality. Over time, surgical techniques, heart replacements, extracorporeal circulation and postoperative care have improved. This makes it possible today to operate on much older patients, where surgeries previously were nor feasible. The diploma thesis on the topic Cardiac surgical patient in the RES room and the approach of a nurse to nursing care is dedicated to the patient after heart surgery. It deals with meeting the patient's needs in the RES room and what the patient perceives while staying in the resuscitation unit and what he /she needs from a nurse. In the empirical part of this thesis two objectives were stated. To determine what a cardiac surgical patient perceives and what he /she needs in the RES room, and to find out whether it is possible to improve the quality of patient-oriented care. Based on these objectives, hypotheses and research questions were established. The objectives were successfully achieved, the hypothesis was confirmed and the questions answered. The research was conducted using qualitative quantitative research methods in the RES units of the cardiac surgery department, where the patients with heart disease are operated on. For the quantitative research the questionnaire interview method was selected. The qualitative research method was used to carry out semi-conducted interviews with the patients.
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The Benefits of Green Spaces
Těťálová, Zuzana ; Souček, Josef (advisor) ; Marek, Marek (referee)
This diploma thesis with the theme of The benefits of green spaces deals with the benefits of green space and their value.
The main part of the thesis is a literary review summarizing the theme of the benefits of green space and the methods of their evaluation. The first part of the review focuses mainly on the identification of the functions of green spaces in an urban environment and a closer look at their effects, utility and functioning. In this section the effects of the phenomena that occur in urban environments and which are suppressed thanks to green spaces are also analyzed. The second part of the review is devoted to the importance of evaluating green spaces and their benefits and further to methodologies, which are discussed in detail.
The following section analyzes the evaluation methodologies and their positive and critical points are identified. This section also divides the methodologies according to their relevance in the Czech environment, which is specific and the methodologies developed in the Anglo-Saxon context cannot be applied without modification. This chapter also compares data sources needed to develop a methodology for evaluating the benefits of green spaces.
In the fifth chapter of the thesis, a methodology for calculating the economic value of the benefits of green spaces in the city is created, based on the knowledge gained in the literature review. The methodology combines methods from various sources and adjusts them to the Czech context. It also examines the data sources needed in order to set up the whole balance sheet.
The sixth part deals with the discussion, in which is the summary of the data, which arise from the assembled methodology and compares them with the literature and the application of similar methodologies in other territories.
The conclusion summarizes the information obtained in the research and suggests other possibilities of their future use.
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Land Analysis needful for complex landscaping
Vávrová, Kateřina ; Kottová, Blanka (advisor) ; Klára, Klára (referee)
This thesis deals with a detailed analysis of available data for the area, which is the cadastral area Malý Bor district Klatovy, which subsequently serves as a major
base for the actual process of implementing the komplex landscaping. It also includes my own field research.
In the first part are described in detail and explained the particular concepts related to the landscape, landscaping, and for them the important materials. In another part is defined the researched area and it is described in terms
of historical, typological, geomorphological, geological, climatic, hydrological, phytogeographical and geobiocenological.
In the following part there is the description of the available materials and economic land use. With all these available data have been maked particular analyzes that lead to evaluation road infrastructure, water and wind erosion, the situation of nature and landscape protection, water management measures and landscape greenery. Everything is completed by findings from the field research
and my own photographs. On these findings are based and individual recommendations or warnings, which serve as comments in a case of implementation of comprehensive landscaping.
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Importance of quarries for invertebrate diversity in fragmented landscapes at national level
Králíčková, Hana ; Kadlec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Štrobl, Martin (referee)
The landscape not only in the Czech Republic was changed into the large units and began to be quite impenetrable. Some types of habitat disappeared from there, which means a big problem for the species with extremely adapted life demands. They need for their life for example heated rocks, quicksand, sparse steppe grasslands and other habitats in early successional stages. Postindustrial areas provide just these conditions and therefore they become a place of their copious occurrence of the invertebrates. Some species in the Czech Republic were cannot find recently anywhere else than at these locations. Quarries provide different types of habitats for e.g. butterflies which need these conditions for their development, reproduction and life. Within the Czech Republic 20 already inactive quarries and 20 adjacent control areas without quarry were selected and there were monitored especially butterflies and nocturnal insects. The goal was to determine whether the presence of a quarry increasing diversity of invertebrates on the local scale. Monitoring was performed at each site four times and obtained data were statistically analyzed. It was found 23 endangered species from the 110 recorded species of diurnal Lepidoptera and other similarly interesting records from other groups. For example Satyrium ilicis was found in a quarry near the village Černotín which is critically endangered. Considerable variations were observed from the overall comparison of abundance and species richness at the sites containing the quarry and the localities which did not include a quarry. The surrounding countryside of quarries there were found greater number of species and higher numbers of individuals than in control areas. In quarries or their nearby areas were observed 19 endangered species which were more numerous than in control areas where there were only 11. The effects on habitat selection had the way of wintering and habitat requirements of each species. It is evident that the quarries with the termination of mining in the modern landscape can play an important role in the development of biodiversity.
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University students awareness about cervical cancer risk and its prevention
MÜLLEROVÁ, Jana
In worldwide basis, the carcinoma of cervix is the second most frequent malignant tumour in women. There is up to 1200 new cases diagnosed in our country every year. Considering the sad fact that more than 400 women die in our country every year, the battle against the carcinoma of cervix became recently one of the priorities of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. The nationwide screening focused on early detection of cervical cancer was launched in our country in 2008. The dissertation paper entitled ``Awareness of university students of the risk of cervical cancer and its prevention`` is mainly focused on monitoring of awareness of university students of the risk of cervical cancer disease and the possible ways of its prevention. The assessed group was made of university students, young women from South Bohemian and Prague universities. In the research part of the dissertation the author used a method of questioning with the technique of data collection using anonymous questionnaire. The research has revealed that the students have basic knowledge on the issue of cervical carcinoma, namely in the area of risk and prevention. It was also found that the awareness of the students of the South Region on this issue was much better than of the students in the Prague region. Despite the overall positive results, the research shows the need to inform the public especially about the hazards of smoking as a possible risk factor associated with cancer. It is also necessary to expand knowledge of women in already developed symptoms of the disease. There is currently only one known - bleeding after intercourse. In the area of prevention it is also desirable to highlight the availability of some special examinations for men, while appealing to the possibility of lifelong disability as a serious consequence of this disease. Research shows that it is still necessary to inform more and better the public about this issue. From the views of the respondents it is clear that in addition to ads aimed at promoting vaccination, the problems of the disease is poorly presented. This is confirmed by the fact that students do not know any organization focused on this problem. To a good awareness of women in this field, in terms of risks, prevention and possible vaccination, should contribute especially gynaecologists, together with the midwives, because as part of the preventive visits they have the opportunity to address the women and to specifically discuss the issues with them. It is unfortunately evident from the research that these doctors inform minimally about the possible ways of prevention. In my opinion, to respond to the observed facts and to refine and improve the information system for a maximum possible way it is in the interests of all women and girls, whether by improving the own work of gynaecologists, as well as improving awareness about this problem through the media or by using a variety of booklets and leaflets in offices of other physicians, that are currently seen only sporadically.
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Home hospice care from the perspective of family members of the incurably ill.
SVOBODOVÁ, Anna
The goal of my thesis I have chosen is to identify the way hospice care is perceived in the Telč region by family members of terminally ill patients. I based my thesis on available specialised literature, current legislation and internet sources dealing with home hospice care. In the first theoretical part, I deal with the definition of hospice care trying to explain the term of general and specialised care that have a common objective, namely dignified and tranquil dying. The second section deals with family in the context of palliative care that plays the key role in the patient care. If the family decides to care for the incurable patient at home, it is vital to support it. Moreover, in this section I define needs of family members summarised in three core topics. Including the care for the patient family that I included to the hospice care as not only the patient suffers from the illness but all his/her family does. That means that each family member needs palliative care. The end of this section deals with mourning of the survivors. The core point is not leaving them alone in their mourning, to have them accompanied by someone in their grief. The third chapter focuses on the role and position of the patient. It changes when a seriously ill human becomes dependent on third party´s help losing his/her capacity to fulfil his/her professional and family role. This enormously affects his/her physical and emotional condition. Moreover, I describe needs on terminally ill people that change when the patient approaches his/her death depending on his/her family and social situation. It changes also during his/her adaptation to adverse diagnoses and forecast and emergence of difficulties and complications. I describe four groups of needs: biological, psychological, social and spiritual. The fourth chapter characterises home hospice care that is described as specialised palliative care provided in the home environment amidst patient´s family and friends. I describe the history of Czech hospice care stating that before the WWII it was quite normal to care for terminally ill patients at home till the end. This trend emerges again in the 90s. I define objectives of the home hospice care and related activities. The fourth chapter includes the description of a multi-disciplinary team and funding of home hospice care. In the fifth chapter, I characterise the home care organisation that try to expand the range of services by including the home palliative care and also deal with the home care history, objectives, delimitation of the scope of activities, agency human resources management and home funding methods. In the sixth chapter, I represent the organisation Sdílení, o.p.s. Telč, services provided by it and basic duties according to the Act No.108/2006 Coll. as well as the mission and objectives of this organisation concentrating on help and support of seriously ill people and their family members/friends in such difficult life situation. The key objective of Sdílení is to preserve maximum possible self-sufficiency and dignity of seriously ill people and support of families that are able to find the courage and force to accompany a terminally ill family member to the end of his/her life. In the practical part of my thesis, I analyse data collected by means of qualitative research based on an inquiry in the form of semi-standardised and open-code processing. Who was included to the basic file were family members of terminally ill patients who were divided to two parts. The first group consists of 3 respondents who were entrusted to the care of the home hospice Sdílení. The second group are 3 respondents entrusted to the Home Care hospice. In the practical part, I describe the process of collection of data, record results of the interview process by the open-code method.
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The Use of the Allowance for Care by the Elderly in 2010-2011
VÍTOVÁ, Jaroslava
This thesis deals with the issue of assessing seniors' needs in relation to the urgency of their admission into a residential care facility. Act No. 108/2006 on social services has significantly changed the way people can obtain necessary assistance. Now it is possible to purchase social services thanks to a social welfare benefit in form of an attendance allowance. There was an assumption that if there is a development in field social work, seniors will remain in their natural environment and therefore the interest in residential care facilities for older people will lower. However, this assumption was not met. The number of senior citizens interested in retirement homes greatly exceeds the capacity of individual facilities. When we assess the needs of seniors related to admission to a residential facility, such need is perceived as an insufficiency. If we get rid of this need or provide support to satisfy it, we achieve safety and security. The extent of such support can vary. The level of help people need determines the amount they receive as an attendance allowance, but it is not the only criterion for preferential admission into a retirement home. Seniors' difficult life situation does not have to be directly related to the level of help they need. If seniors get a lot of points during assessment of their degree of autonomy, self-sufficiency and objective conditions, it does not necessarily imply that they need to be urgently admitted into a residential care facility. This assessment is carried out according to methodological documents devised by the retirement home. The thesis uses a qualitative research strategy; that is, content analysis, case study and qualitative evaluation. Residential care facilities came up with requirements for objective assessment and selection of seniors to be admitted in order to reduce the number of applicants - from several hundred to a group that needs to be admitted urgently. These requirements led to a preparation of methodological materials that describe the whole standard procedure of interaction with people interested in the residential social service. Next, a method of point score system to select the candidates was also established. One of the aims of this thesis was to carry out a qualitative evaluation of methodological documents of a specific residential care facility for older people. Next goal was to assess the seniors' needs before they are admitted to residential care. A content analysis of social investigation records was also conducted. The results showed that the most important needs of seniors are safety and security. Older people submit applications for retirement homes, although they actually do not want to use this service. It is a manifestation of their fear of the future and it has a significant impact on the number of registered applications. On one hand, it is important to regard people as fully-fledged, independent, free and responsible beings at any age. But on the other hand, it is also vital to be aware of various limits and restrictions arising from natural ageing. We usually encounter two extreme opposites when we communicate with older people. Seniors usually overestimate or significantly underestimate themselves in the area of autonomy and self-sufficiency. If these areas were only self-evaluated and objective reality (or senior's surroundings) was not taken into account, the assessment result would be significantly distorted. Quality of needs' assessment and level of social investigation directly depend on the knowledge, skills and abilities of social workers; one of their most important skills is the ability to reflect.
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Strategy for developing collaboration with strong individual donors
Hudeček, Martin ; PROKOP, Petr (advisor) ; KEJKRTOVÁ MĚŘIČKOVÁ, Eva (referee)
The thesis “Strategy for developing collaboration with strong individual donors” examines possibilities of successful collaboration of art projects and strong individual donors. An individual donor is a person with own needs and motives which drive his or her decisions and actions. Motivation is therefore the principal framework of this paper. In the first part, the author focuses on obtaining insight into the theory of motivation, which forms an essential basis for the activation of actions and decisions. The result is a typology which can be applied in the analysis of needs and motives of donors.
A strategic management toolbox and strategic planning process enable active management of motivation. Another part of the thesis examines how strategic management and planning tools allow for studying the needs and addressing them in an effective manner. The author directs his attention mainly at the mission and vision of the organisation, strategic goals and the way of their achievement.
The study of sources of theory and practice culminates with the postulation of hypotheses which the author proceeds to test in practice. The author analyses the motivation of donors for collaborating with art projects; readiness of these projects to negotiate with donors; and their capacity to deploy strategic management tools to successfully negotiate and develop the relationship. The work presents a set of case studies whose purpose is to describe the status quo and test how an agent, who combines knowledge of art projects and donors, influences the process of preparation and negotiation with donors.
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Specifics of nursing care for members of the Seventh Day Adventist Church
VOTRUBOVÁ, Veronika
Seventh Day Adventist Church was established in the United States in the 19th century and belongs among the Protestant churches. Adventists are characterized by the fact that they expect the second coming of Jesus Christ and hold Saturday holy for celebration of God. The theoretical part deals with the definition of multicultural nursing, nursing and describes the nursing process. It is focused on nursing models Leininger and Giger with Davidhizar. Another part of the theoretical work deals with religion, spirituality spiritual needs of patients and clients. The last part focuses on the Seventh Day Adventist Church. There is information about their history, doctrine and communities, basic doctrinal pronouncements, their particularities such as baptism, which is done in adulthood, the Lord's Supper and principles of Christian life. Adventists worship on Saturday; they are not allowed to work and must devote the whole day to God. The work also describes the activities of the Church and the related humanitarian organization ADRA. Adventists keep to a healthy lifestyle and have a medical program called the NewStart. The goal of the diploma thesis was to find out the specifics of nursing care for members of the Seventh Day Adventist Church, to map out specific attitudes towards health among members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and to map opinion of nurses on the importance of multicultural nursing for their work. Towards these goals, five research questions had been established: 1. Do members of the Seventh-day Adventist have specific needs in nursing care? 2. How do members of the Seventh-day Adventist perceive medical personnel attitudes? 3. Do members of the Seventh-day Adventist have specific spiritual needs? 4. Do members of the Seventh-day Adventist lead a specific lifestyle? 5. Do nurses know the importance of multicultural nursing in practice? To fulfill the research objectives and to answer research questions, qualitative research was used. The survey was carried out through semi-structured interview with members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and general nurses. Interviews with members of the SDA were held in the Gathering of Seventh Day Adventist Church in Benešov and the snowball technique was used to find further respondents. Interviews with general nurses were conducted in two hospitals in internal and surgical wards. The Interviews were attended by 10 members of the SDA and 10 nurses. The qualitative survey found that members of the SDA church have no specifics in nursing care. Only some members, who are vegetarians, require a vegetarian diet in hospitals. In a hospital setting, they have no problem with praying and easily adapt to the surroundings, because they do not want to draw attention to themselves. They have no problem with vaccination, transplantation, receiving transfusions or other diagnostic and medical procedures. Most members perceive health professionals positively, but there were two who have experience with disdain and misunderstanding of their faith by them. Further research shows that Adventists have specifics in death care and diet. SDA has a health reform, which includes the NewStart. The Adventist Church does not recommend eating meat and bans alcohol, tobacco and narcotics. Nurses see major importance of multicultural nursing in avoiding conflict with a client that could arise from ignorance of their religion. Another point is the possibility to better understand the client's behavior and the ability to empathize with their feelings. Because of the knowledge of multicultural care, nurses are able to meet the needs of clients and provide them with quality nursing care. On the basis of the research, standard nursing procedures for members of the SDA and informational material for nurses to facilitate the provision of particular care to members of the SDA have been developed.
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Support forfamilieswith a childwith disabilitiesadvisory system SPC
SMETANOVÁ, Eliška
This thesis deals with support for families with a child with disabilities in the guidance system of special educational centers. These issues form an integral part of families with a disabled child. Special pedagogical centers are educational institutions providing assistance and support to clients with disabilities and their families. It is not always enough support and assistance focused on families of clients, even though the precise standard service centers are set by law. Failure to provide standardized services may result in a limitation of sovereignty legal representatives. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. This work aims to present the specifics of a disabled child in the development, psychosocial specifics of families due to restrictions and on the basis of existing legislation to compare the standard activity of special education centers with real support. The practical part of the proposal was to create a website content for parents of children with disabilities. The practical part was needed rozpravovat on partial objective, which was to give an analysis of the needs of parents with children with disabilities by monitoring the discussion forum via the social network Facebook group Parents of disabled children and people with disabilities unite. The obtained data was then used, as a practical basis for fulfilling practical goals. The theoretical part describes the types of disability and disabled child deviations in development. He also discusses the family with a child with disabilities. Finally, it describes a system for advising families with a child with disabilities, which is marginally touches on early care and educational-psychological counseling centers. Detail touches special educational centers. The practical part was processed by analysis of publicly available documents of special education centers and structured interviews with workers on the job psychologist and a special education teacher. It deals with providing services to the legal guardians of a child with disabilities. It was also used a comparison of the results with supportive measures, established by the legislature of the standard activities of special education centers. Based on the quantitative survey, it was found that special education centers provide only some, saving the selected standard services. The operational objective observation technique was used when I tried this technique to uncover the specific needs of the legal guardians of children with disabilities. The results of observation were used as the basis for a realistic proposal for the content of websites for legal representatives of children with disabilities.
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