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Between Liberalism and Socialism: Pavel Novgorodtsev, Bogdan Kistyakovsky, Sergei Gessen and Georges Gurvitch
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Kosáková, Hana (referee)
The thesis is concerned with Russian intellectuals' paths towards a new philosophical and ideological synthesis which would demonstrate ability to offer an adequate solution of the social crisis in the 20th century. Being based on a philosophical analysis and comparative method it exposes both merits and shortcomings of the chosen authors, common motifs and main developmental tendencies. Following A. Walicki, the analysis is subordinated to the narrative of the evolution from Social Liberalism towards Liberal Socialism embodied in the work of V. S. Solovyov, P. I. Novgorodtsev, B. A. Kistyakovsky, S. I. Gessen, G. D. Gurvitch and M. V. Vishniak. Attention is paid to legal and political aspects of Liberalism and Socialism considering the dualism of individualism and collectivism, atomism and intersubjectivity, natural and positive law, private and public ownership, free market and state interventionism, popular sovereignty and sovereignty of law, utopism and anti-utopism, freedom and equality, universalism and particularism, revolution and reformism. The thesis attempts to give an answer to the question wheather or to what extent the synthesis of Liberalism and Socialism is possible. In the end it emerges that the synthesis is possible requiring, however, inclusion of conservative elements.
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