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Monogenea of the cichlid fishes from Peruvian Amazonia
ROZKOŠNÁ, Petra
Taxonomic and morphological evaluation of the material of monogeneans parasitic in the cichlid fishes (Cichla monoculus, Cichlasoma amazonarum, Satanoperca jurupari) from the Amazon River in Peru provided new data on the occurrence of 12 species of Dactylogyridae (10 species), Gyrodactylidae (1 species) and Microcotylidae (1 species). Four of them probably represent species new for science; one of them has already been described and a new genus has been proposed to accommodate it. Six species are reported from Peru for the first time and cichlids studied represent new hosts.
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Historical biogeography of cichlid fishes in Usumacinta province (Mexico, Guatemala, Belize)
DRAGOVÁ, Klára
Historical biogeography of cichlid fishes within the Usumacinta province (Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize) is reviewed based on newly collected material specifically for this study. Five areas of endemism within the province were recognized using Parsimony analysis of endemicity. Dispersal-Vicariance analysis implemented in S-DIVA suggests only one of them (the Grijalva-Usumacinta) as the ancestral area for the whole fauna. Other areas of endemism within the Usumacinta province were colonized from this area by dispersals. This biogeographic interpretation suggests a long evolution of the richest cichlid fauna in Middle America in the Grijalva-Usumacinta area of endemism in a sympatric context.
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The ethological study in a selected fish species of the family Cichlidae
VESELÝ, Martin
Social deprivations are disorders of social behavior, which in the case of fishes in aquaristic experience is displayed by many ways. The most frequent speeches of deprivations are aggressiveness, less common and less prolific stripping and partial or whole defection of maternal behavior. Shoal species have problems with formation into the shoal. The power of deprivation depends on many factors. Probably the most important is partial or complete izolation from mother or father who have taken care of stripp. In the case of biparental fishes isolation both parents. Appearances of deprivation is noted the most by the family Cichlidae, especially cichlids. The main reason of that is their relatively good development of social behavior and intensive breeding in aguaristic, where aquarists are trying to have many juveniles in short time. Because of that, aquarists often come up to artificial fish-scale reading (without parents). Aquarists have more juvenils, but they are more aggresive and they aren´t able to stripp well. Substrate biparental cichlids have another problem, that the pair breed eggs, but they can´t take care of them. Mouthbrooding species - female (or male) doesn´t bear the full term in to the mouth and spit it out or eat it.
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Crenicichla hu, a new species of cichlid fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Paraná basin in Misiones, Argentina
PIÁLEK, Lubomír
A new species of Crenicichla Heckel, C. hu, is described from the arroyo Piray-Miní, a left-hand tributary of the río Paraná, Misiones province, Argentina. This new species is easily distinguished from its congeners by the dark coloration, a color pattern consisting of 7 to 9 black irregular blotches on the flank, and 47?54 scales in the E1 row. Adult females have dorsal fin with an irregular color pattern formed by wide black and white longitudinal stripes and blotches.
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Charakteristics of scales of neotropical cichlids (Tribus Heroini) - phylogenetic interpretation
STOPOVÁ, Barbora
Work has the aim to describe charakteristics of scales selected species fish from the Central America and evaluace relationship with view on the group and compare scalimetric evolutional tree with molecular. Relationship between Heroini and Cichlasomatini is really close and Heroini constitute the second largest tribe of neotropical cichlids. These fish are very varied. Heroini is considered as monofyletic group. Development of the tribe in two branches. Theoretic part of this work is focused on phylogenetic knowledge from the other authors and group description. In the part with own issues there are characteristics of scales, microphotographs.
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Genetická struktura populací lína Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lajbner, Zdeněk ; Linhart, Otomar ; Kotlík, Petr
The tench is an important fish for aquaculture, which is undergoing intensive domestication, but only few studies have examined genetic structure of its populations. We present first results of a phylogeographic study based on DNA sequence data for four nuclear genes and one mitochondrial DNA gene from throughout the tench geographical distribution, including some of the known transfers outside its native Eurasian range. The multiple gene dataset revealed a strong phylogeographic partitioning between the western and eastern parts of the species range with a wide zone of overlap in Europe. Tench in European aquaculture largely represent mixtures of the two evolutionary lineages. We will discuss the likely historical processes underlying these findings. We suggest that human-mediated dispersal may have played an important role in shaping the present phylogeographic pattern.
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Histological evaluation of the parasitic load using the model Myoxocephalus scorpius and Gymnocanthus tricuspis - Trichodina spp.
KOMENDOVÁ, Klára
The main goal of this work was the study of parasitism of a shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and an arctic staghorn sculpin (Gymnocanthus tricuspis) parasitized by ciliates Trichodina spp. Studied samples of gill originated from fish caught in 2011 and 2012 in the central part of Svalbard mainly in the bay of Petuniabukta. In the same fish, from which samples of gill were taken, parasitic endohelminths were also identified. Histological and microscopic methods were used for quantification of the ciliates and their prevalence in the samples from individual fish was compared with number of identified helminths and with the physical condition of the host fish. One of the main aims of this work was to confirm or exclude the hypothesis that the number of the parasitic ciliates Trichodina spp. correlates with the intensity of infection with endohelminths and that in general a higher level of parasitism is also reflected by a lower physical condition of fish. Another aim of the work was to improve the theoretical knowledge and the practical skills in histological methods, which included fixation, embedding, cutting and staining of tissues, and to learn the methods of microscopic diagnostics. For the histological assessment, samples of gills from a shorthorn sculpin were used. These fish were caught using a benthic gill net or during diving and then their length, total weight, weight of gonads and weight of liver were sequentially measured. The gill samples taken during pathological dissection of fish were carefully fixed for subsequent histological examination and labelled. During dissection the parasitic endohelminths were also identified and counted. The tapeworm Diplocotyle olrikii (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea), plerocercoids Tetraphyllidae gen. sp., a intestinalfluke Podocotyle atomon (Digenea: Opecoelidae) and anisakid larvae (Nematoda: Anisakidae) were among the identified parasites. Histological dissections were made from each gill.The sections were examined by the microscopes Olympus BX51 and Olympus CX 21 with objectives 20 x and 40 x.Trichodines and endohelminths were quantified and their numbers recorded together with parameters of the host fish and their calculated condition factors. The fish condition was estimated using condition factors GSI (gonadosomatic index), LSI (hepatosomatic index) and KK (condition coefficient).To determine the correlation between the number of the individual parasites, species identity and sex of fish, an analysis of main components (PCA) in program Canoco for Windows was performed.The ordination diagram showed the positive correlation between all categories of parasites with the strongest correlation between tapeworms, flukes and nematodes. Trichodines exhibited a weak positive correlation with nematodes correlation while there was almost no correlation with flukes and tapeworms. The second statistical testing was performed by the statistical program R. Using this program condition indexes dependence on the number of parasites, species identity and sex of fish was assessed. The results did not show the negative effect of parasites on the condition of the fish, on the contrary the condition indexes of fish were increasing with increasing number of parasites. It is likely that the used indexes might not be ideal indicators of condition because they reflect mainly the size (and thus age) of fish. Different results were obtained using the condition coefficient (KK), which showed a trend towards a negative dependence on trichodina and endohelminth numbers. However, this trend was not statistically significant.
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Ontogeny of coloration patterns in Neotropical cichlids of the Tribe Heroini (TELEOSTEI: CICHLIDAE: CICHLASOMATINAE)
Muška, Milan ; Říčan, O. ; Novák, J.
We have studied the ontogeny of Cichlid fishes of the tribe Heroini, using developmental series. By observing the development of pigment patterns in larval, juvenile and adult cichlids, the homologous elements of the lateral barring pattern have been hypothesized. Although pigmentation is often disregarded as a source of characters containing historical information, the congruence of many of these characters with a recent phylogeny of heroini, suggest their utility. A common mechanism underlying pattern formation is suggested based on similarities between Neotropical and African Cichlids.
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