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Health effects of Czech beer
Bokrová, Jitka ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study physiological effect of various kinds of lager beer and to compare these effects in Czech beer and several beers produced in foreign countries. In theoretical part Czech beer characteristics and biologically active compounds in beer are described. Quantification of total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and bitter substances was performed photometrically. The quantity of vitamin C was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometrical detection. Beer buffering capacity was analyzed by pH measurement in artificial stomach and intestinal liquid, respectively. Analysis of physiological effect was accomplished by analysis of proteolytic enzyme activity. The total of 22 samples (16 Czech and 6 foreign lager beers) was studied. In these samples levels of basic technological characteristics and buffering capacity were compared. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic beers were compared too. According to experimental data it was confirmed that consumption of Czech beer (mainly lager beer) positively influences digestion process and activity of digestive proteolytic enzymes.
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Heterocyclic Compounds with Antimycobacterial Activity
Herzigová, Petra ; Klimešová, Věra (advisor) ; Potáček, Milan (referee) ; Pytela, Oldřich (referee)
The dissertation thesis belongs to the conception of the research of potential antimycobacterial compounds. The aim of this work is synthesis of sulphide pyridine derivatives and the relationship between structure and antimycobacterial activity. Within the framework of this Thesis, the 112 substituted derivates of 4-(subst. fenylalkylsulfanyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid were synthesized. Antimycobacterial activity of prepared substances has been tested under in vitro conditions against M. tuberculosis, and non-tuberculous mycobacteria M. avium and M. kansasii. The series of 4-(subst. phenethylsulfanyl)pyridine-2-carbothioamide (MIC 1-32 µmol/L) represents the most active substances (MIC 1-32 µmol/L). These derivates don't reach the activity used antituberculosis drugs against M. tuberculosis, but their activities against M. avium exceed that of isoniazid. The synthesis of new structures as potential antimycobacterial compounds forms the second part of Thesis. All synthesis is based on the use of bis- arylimidoyl chlorides of oxalic acid of as starting material. None of prepared new compounds don't display an interesting antimycobacterial activity.
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Iniciace pohybu byčíku, signalizace a regulace pohyblivosti spermií ryb: fyzikální a biochemické řízení
PROKOPCHUK, Galina
The current study attempted to shed light on the regulatory processes and response arrangements of fish spermatozoa during the course of maturation and motility initiation. The first intent of this study was to improve the understanding of the mechanism underlying the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in sturgeon. Up to present work, the physiological process underlying sperm maturation in this species has not been described at all. Our results showed that sperm maturation in sturgeon occurs outside the testes because of dilution of sperm by urine and involves the participation of high molecular weight substances as well as calcium ions present in seminal fluid and/or urine. The second aim of the present study was to investigate the coping mechanisms in fish spermatozoa with osmotic and ionic activating mode, as well as in spermatozoa of euryhaline fishes, to various environmental conditions. We showed that alteration of environmental osmolality might affect the fish sperm in different ways, depending on fish species and modes of spermatozoa motility activation either osmotic or ionic mode. In response to osmotic stress caused by hypotonicity, carp spermatozoa regulated the flow of water across their cell membrane and increased their cytoplasmic volume during their short motility period. In contrast, no indications of sperm volume changes were observed neither in sterlet nor in brook trout spermatozoa, both of which having an ionic mode of motility activation. We also examined the mechanism by which sperm motility triggering in euryhaline fishes can adapt to a broad range of environmental salinity. Our results demonstrated that spermatozoa of euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, reared in fresh-, sea- or hypersaline water can be activated in hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic conditions of swimming milieu, provided Ca2+ ions are present at various levels. It was established that the higher the fish rearing salinity or the more hypertonic ambient media at spermatozoa activation, the higher extracellular concentration of Ca2+ ions is required. The results obtained in the present study allow suggesting that osmolality is not the main factor inhibiting sperm motility inside the testis in the S. melanotheron heudelotii. A third aim of this study was investigation of the regulation of motility initiation process and description of flagellar beating initiation in chondrostean spermatozoa. We detected that K+ inhibition of sperm motility in sturgeon can be by-passed due to the pre-exposure of sperm cells to a high osmolality shock prior to its transfer to K+-rich swimming media. Thus, we hypothesized that sturgeon spermatozoa may be activated by use of an unexpected signaling pathway, independent from regular ionic stimulation. The successive activation steps in sturgeon spermatozoa were investigated by high-speed video microscopy, using specific experimental situation, where sperm motility initiation was delayed in time up to several seconds. At motility initiation, the first couple of bends formed at the basal region begins to propagate towards the flagellar tip, but gradually fades when reaching the mid-flagellum. This behavior repeats several times until a stage where the amplitudes of bends gradually reach similar value, what eventually leads to sperm progressive displacement. The total period needed for the flagellum to switch from immobility with rigid shape to full activity with regular propagating bends ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 seconds. In conclusion, the results of the current study bring valuable pieces of information into the general understanding of the processes of maturation of fish spermatozoa, their adaptability to different physical and biochemical circumstances, the extra- and intra-cellular signaling as well as the regulatory mechanisms of motility activation in fish spermatozoa.
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Participation of the Jesuit Order in the Pastoral Work in the Czech Republic
Boldi, Milan ; Ryšková, Mireia (advisor) ; Eliáš, Vojtěch (referee)
Katolická teologická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy Kombinované studium Náboženské nauky 2007/2008 Katedra Pastorálních oborů a právních věd Resumé bakalářské práce Podíl Tovaryšstva Ježíšova na pastoraci v České republice Milan Boldi Současné pastorační aktivity České provincie Tovaryšstva Ježíšova nejsou dosud zmapovány ani odborně zhodnoceny. Proto se mi zdálo velice zajímavé psát o této skutečnosti a pokusit se zhodnotit práci Tovaryšstva u nás. Bylo pro mě zajímavé podívat se na práci jezuitů u nás z hlediska jejich celkového poslání a zamyslet se nad tím, zda se jezuité snaží navázat na starší aktivity a místa působení, anebo přicházejí s něčím novým. Další skutečností, která přispěla k mému rozhodnutí se pro toto téma, byl můj zájem vstoupit v dřívější době do Tovaryšstva, a to po mém předchozím působení v misii sv. Františka Xaverského v Bolívii. Cílem této bakalářské práce je popsat současné aktivity českých jezuitů, určitým způsobem je porovnat s aktivitami jezuitů ve světě, poukázat na to, zda tyto aktivity mají skutečný dopad na cílovou skupinu a do jaké míry jsou tyto aktivity opravdu účinné. Práce nejprve seznamuje s řádem jako takovým, s jeho hierarchií; krátce se připomíná historie Tovaryšstva v Čechách; život českých jezuitů v exilu a následně jejich působení po revoluci v roce 1989. V...
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The study of molecular and biochemical bases of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
Veselá, Kateřina ; Zeman, Jiří (advisor) ; Farghali, Hassan (referee) ; Drahota, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis has been worked out in The laboratory for study of mitochondrial disorders (Department of Pediatrics, 1st faculty of Medicine, Charles Univezity in Praha), which serves as the diagnostic center for patients from Czech and Slovak Republics. During the last years, more than 40 children with isolated COX deficiency were diagnosed in our lab. But molecular background except 12 patients with mutations in SURF1 gene was remaining unknown. Due to the lack of adequate treatment for these patients, the genetic counseling and the possibility of prenatal diagnostics have high importance for the families. The possible dual origin of the defect with different hereditary aspects makes the genetic counseling in the affected families complicated and prenatal diagnostics based only on biochemical analyses very problematical if even possible. This work had been arisen basically from the necessity to find the molecular background of isolated COX deficiency in our patients. In addition of simple characterization of molecular background and optimalization of methods for routine diagnostics, we were able to study the impact of several mutations in nuclear genes for COX assembly factors on the biochemical, structural and histochemical level in affected tissues.
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Antioxidant activity of herbal diuretics
Skálová, Miluše ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Mgr. Miluše Skálová The aim of this rigorous work was to specify content of flavonoids and to learn antioxidant activity of methanolic extractions of drugs, which are used as diuretics. The drugs, which were tested: Epilobii herba, Equiseti herba, Ononidis radix and the tea mixture Nephrosal. In order to test antioxidant activity it was used free radical 2, 2-difenyl-1-pikrylhydrazyl (DPPH). To compare the antioxidant activity, it was calculated value IC50, which clarificates the amount of extract, which is required for retrenchment of 50 % free radical DPPH. The lowest antioxidant activity was registrated in methanolic extracts of drug Ononidis radix from Ononis spinosa IC50=29,1049 mg/ml and in extracts of drug Ononidis radix from Ononis arvensis IC50=13,7670 mg/ml. Comparable antioxidant activities had methanolic extract of Equiseti herba IC50=3,5856 mg/ml and the tea mixture Nephrosal IC50=2,2856 mg/ml. The drug Epilobii herba has the highest values of antioxidant activity, IC50=0,3191 mg/ml. Next purpose of this work was to determine the content of flavonoids in these drugs. The lowest content was registrated in the extract of Ononidis radix (0,1657%). The highest content was registrated in the extract of Equiseti herba (0,8147%) and in the tea mixture Nephrosal (0,9308%). Epilobii herba had...
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The study of the role of biotransformational enzymes in chemical carciogenesis
Kondrová, Eliška ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Skálová, Lenka (referee) ; Vobořilová, Jana (referee) ; Bořek Dohalská, Lucie (referee)
In vitro biotransformation studies are an integral part of both toxicological research and drug development. They allow for a significant reduction of tests on human volunteers and provide detailed information about the metabolism of a given compound. Due to limited availability of human liver tissue, it is necessary to make use of alternative model systems and model animal species in the study of the interactions between biotransformation enzymes and xenobiotics. Since the activities of the most important human biotransformation enzymes are absent in the most commonly used laboratory species, rat, information gained in experiments with minipigs is very valuable. Recombinant human biotransformation enzymes expressed in bacteria can be used in biotransformation studies in the form of isolated bacterial membranes. These model systems provide information about the metabolism of a given xenobiotic by a defined enzyme and thein advantages compared to purified enzymes include low cost and quicker and easier preparation with lower loss of enzymatic activity during isolation. The aims of this study were: 1) To prepare a model system with recombinant human biotransformation enzymes expressed in bacterial membranes and to compare the properties of this system with minipig liver microsomes. To assess the usefulness of...
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