|
Newborn individualized developmental care of the babies born before week 32 their gestation age from the view of the nursing staff
TROUPOVÁ, Jitka
Currently, the care of premature newborn infants and their parents is mainly focused on the so-called Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) that is aimed at protection of the developing central nervous system of a premature child.The aim of nursing care is to help premature child to cope with the premature delivery. To adjust the environment and the way of care so it suits the individual needs of every child. The support of the parental role and the efforts to involve parents in the care of a newborn infant as early as possible are stressed. The following objectives were defined in the diploma thesis. To process experience with introducing new forms of the developmental care of excessively or extremely premature newborn infants from the point of view of nursing. To characterize current provision of individualized developmental care of newborn infants born before week 32 of gestation. To map the role of the nurse in delivering individualized developmental care and to find out how parents perceive the developmental care of excessively and extremely premature newborn infants. 4 research questions were raised on the basis of the objectives of the thesis. Which forms of the individualized developmental care are used in care of a newborn infant born before week 32 of gestation most? Which problems do nurses have to cope when employing individualized developmental care in the day-to-day care of newborn infants born before week 32 of gestation with and which roles of nurses are applied most when providing care? How do parents of newborn infants born before week 32 of gestation perceive the care of their child included in the individualized developmental care? The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the issue of excessively and extremely premature newborn babies, characteristics of the individualized developmental care and the nursing strategies, the role of a nurse and the role of parents. The practical part is focused on the qualitative research. The results of the research suggest the nurses have included the individualized developmental care into the nursing care of premature newborn infants at the Department of Neonatal Medicine in the Hospital in České Budějovice, however, not in its full extent. The parents perceive the included aspects of this care positively,the nursing staff is important. The research has identified problems nurses have to cope with when they implement this care and what the reserves in the implementation are. A map of the individualized developmental care that can be used by nurses in practice is the result of the research.
|
|
Specifics of nursing care of patients with hemophilia
HOUSKOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The topic is the specificities of nursing care of patients with hemophilia. The aim of theoretical part is to sum up in detail the issues connected to inherited coagulopathy, in this case hemophilia. It provides and discusses the definition, severity, causes, manifestations, diagnosis, complications, and therapy of the given disorder. Nursing care is an area not to be omitted when discussing hemophilia, especially due to the character of the disorder, which is highly specific and includes complex care. The empirical part of this bachelor thesis is based on the results of conducted qualitative research. The main goal of this research is to identify the specificities of nursing care of patients with hemophilia, including their specific needs. Further, this research sets to identify in what way are people diagnosed with hemophilia affected by this disorder. For this purpose, three targets were selected. First target is connected to the specific needs of the hemophiliacs. Second target is to map which parts of daily life of the patients are most influenced by hemophilia. Third and the last target cover the specificities connected directly to the nursing care of patients with hemophilia. The research questions were devised according to the aforementioned targets. Semi-structured interviews were used as the qualitative research method in order to fulfill the set targets. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two peer groups, first group chosen for the purpose of this research were five nurses with experience in care of patients with hemophilia. Second group interviewed comprised of five hemophiliacs. The semi-structured interviews with the nurses aimed to identify the specificities of nursing care of patients with hemophilia, including their needs. The interviewees with hemophilia were asked mostly about their activity in daily life. The interviews were recorded and afterwards manually transcribed. Interviews were properly coded and categorized into specially devised categories. The results of the conducted research show that all the nurses identified as the most important specificity in nursing care of patients with hemophilia regular application of coagulation factor, which is usually done twice a week. However, they further note that during hospitalization, in most cases the time interval is shorter between individual applications. This is due to the planned procedures. The research concludes that due to the character of the disorder such as hemophilia, it is necessary to check on the patient more frequently in his room and monitor bleedingand last but not least the pain. All the nurses further stated that pain is one of the most important factors connected to fatigue. Therefore, heighten need for sleep can be observed in patients with hemophilia. A significant specificity in nursing care of patients with hemophilia, pointed out by the nurses, is that no intermuscular injection can be applied to such patients due to the high risk of bleeding into the muscle. Another contradiction is administration of drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid, which has a negative impact on aggregation of blood cells. All the nurses agreed that in terms of hygiene it is crucial to consider joint stiffness and their swelling, which are often accompanied by strong pain. Pain was also noted by many respondents as a factor that most often have a negative influence on their daily life activities. Contact sports or extreme sports are unsuitable for such patients, as they involve high risk of injury and consequent open or inner bleeding. Further, the respondents felt limited in terms of possible career choices, affected by their bleeding disorders. Based on this research an informational pamphlet was created. This pamphlet can be used as a source of basic information for patients with hemophilia and people close to them as well as for students of medical courses.
|
|
The role of nurse in the client's adaptation in elderly house
ŽÁKOVÁ, Ludmila
Theoretical outcomes Admission of elderly people to a retirement home changes their lives in many ways. With regard to these changes, it is necessary for the senior citizen to adjust effectively to this situation and thus prevent complications related to the so-called maladaption syndrome. Adaptation can be defined as a basic human trait which allows people to survive even extremely difficult situations. It can be divided into several phases. Every elderly person goes through individual phases which sometimes might be linked together and of different length. The whole adaptation process needs to be handled responsibly since the person's future life depends on its progress. Aim of the thesis Aim of the thesis was to determine how nurses can contribute to the course of adaptation process in retirement homes. Research questions How is the nurse's role perceived by the client during the adaptation process? How do the nurses understand their own roles in the adjustment process? Which factors influence the course of the client's adaptation process? What is the role of family in the client's adjustment process to a new environment in retirement homes? What problems does the client newly admitted to a retirement home have to deal with? Methodology The practical part of the Bachelor's thesis was conducted by means of qualitative research survey. The method of collecting data consisted of two variants of a semi-structured interview. The first interview variant was aimed at registered general nurses working in a retirement home. The second interview variant was focused on elderly people living in a retirement home. The first group consisted of eight respondents, seven women and one man. The second group was comprised of seven respondents, five women and two men. All the collected interviews were transcribed and the results were subsequently processed using axial and open coding. Results Based on individual research questions, the results can be divided into several areas. The first part of the results focuses on the role of nurses in the adaptation process as perceived by the client. The results show that clients consider the nurses' role to be very important. The second part informs about the role of nurses in the adaptation process as seen by the nurses themselves. The outcomes indicate that nurses regard their role as vital too. Next, the third part sheds some light on factors that influence the course of adjustment process. Factors that were mentioned most often include changes after admission to the retirement home such as new environment and home regulations, family, nurses, interpersonal relationships and favourite things brought from home. Furthermore, the fourth area describes the importance of family during client's adjustment to the new environment of retirement homes. In this part, the respondents mostly agreed on benefit of family visits. Last, the fifth area identified problems which new clients in retirement homes have to face. A new way of life was described as the most difficult problem, followed by interpersonal relationships (including a new roommate), loss of home and privacy. Conclusion The thesis offers a complex overview of problems related to clients' adjustment to an environment in retirement homes and role of nurses during this process. The results of the thesis can be used as a teaching resource for students of nursing as well as students of similar backgrounds. Next, the outcomes could be also presented to nurses, caregivers and other workers in a seminar focused on issues related to new clients' adaptation to retirement homes. Moreover, this thesis can also serve as a basis for further research. Last but not least, gerontological nurses might also benefit from information provided in this Bachelor's thesis.
|
|
Multidisciplinary Cooperation and the Role of a Nurse in Patient Care Affected by Blast Syndrome
KOPULETÁ, Martina
Blast injury is a very serious lesion caused by the shock wave resulting from an explosion. Further secondary injuries can arise from burying under debris, pieces of shards from the explosive cover, at burning, poisonous gases created by chemical reactions during detonation. The injuries often happen to be fatal and the percentage of people who survive it depends on the fact how far from the epicentre they were situated. If the individual is very close, there is almost no chance to survive, if, however, the individual is situated further from the epicentre, a few tens of meters, the chance is higher. It is so called mass disaster, which includes more injured people at an explosion. Therefore it is necessary for nurses and the hospital staff to know what the procedures are at this incident and how to take medical and nursing care of higher number of such patients suffering from blast injury. The care itself is extremely demanding, since the injured are often in critical condition. The aim of this diploma thesis, the topic of which is multidisciplinary cooperation and the role of a nurse when taking care of the patients suffering from blast injury, was to find out the information based on the latest Czech and foreign literature and create a compact overview of the knowledge of this issue, for it is necessary to have this knowledge to carry out nursing care of such patients. The second aim of this diploma thesis was to map the role of a nurse in details when taking care of a patient suffering from blast injury. This aim was stated for the reason of the demanding character and complexity of nursing care at urgent reception and anaesthesiology and resuscitation unit because the nurses at these units are placed demands on high qualification and requirements. This diploma thesis was purely elaborated as theoretical thesis based on Czech and foreign sources. The given pieces of information were obtained from a great deal of professional and scientific publications, monographs, professional journals and internet sources for each chapter. The first part of the thesis was dedicated to the description of the given issue, pre-hospital care and classifying algorithms that are used at mass health losses in such way so that the injured people have a higher chance to survive. The crisis management at hospitals, the reception of the injured, the care at the urgent unit and finally the follow-up care at the anaesthesiology and resuscitation unit are worked out in the following part. Thereafter the theoretical part focuses on nursing care at the critical care department where the nursing care of a patient suffering from blast injury is described as well as the duties of a nurse. The needed competences of a nurse working at the urgent unit, anaesthesiology and resuscitation unit are also defined in this chapter. According to the valid Czech legislation, only specially trained nurses for intensive care should take care of the patients with blast injury because the extent of their competence for intensive care is many times higher than general nurses have. The last chapter deals with team and multidisciplinary cooperation among the doctors and hospital staff as well as the cooperation concerning the pre-hospital care of the emergency services at emergency incident, for their active and quality communication are the keys for good and well done work with the least consequences.
|
|
Case study: Physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis of paresis n. peronei
Bejblová, Lucie ; Melli, Klára (advisor) ; Marková, Bronislava (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of patient with the paresis n. peroneus . Goals: Gain of theoretical and practical knowledge about peripheral paresis, especially peripheral paresis n. peroneus . Subsequent case study formulation of patient with selected diagnosis made during coherent scholarly practice. Methods: The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis contains theoretical knowledge about anatomy of peripheral nervous system of the lower extremities, the clinical image of the peripheral paresis ane the treatment with sequential therapy. Results: Decrease of muscle shortening. Increase of muscle strenght in weakened muscels, improvement of movement range, elimination of reflective changes and restoration of joint play. Conclusions: Indication of physiotherapy is on of the most important in the treatment of peripheral paresis. Key words: peripheral paresis, n.peroneus, physiotherapy, case study.
|
| |
|
A nurse and physical examination of a client/patient
BENEDIKTOVÁ, Martina
My thesis deals with physical examination of the patient by a nurse and its right technique. Physical examination generally follows the taking of the medical history - an account of the symptoms as experienced by the patient - in internal and surgical wards. It becomes part of the medical record. The theoretical part describes the complete physical examination and gives its definition. Physical examination is focused on the somatic condition of the patient. A systematic examination generally starts at the head and finishes at the extremities. The main organ systems are investigated by inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation and per rectum examination. For physical examination a nurse uses her senses - sight, hearing, touch, sometimes also smell. My thesis examines the right technique of physical examination and why this examination should be carried out by a nurse. I also wanted to give reason why the physical examination should become a common part of the nursing process.
|
|
Professional singer voice disorder prevention
Křemenáková, Pavla ; Hánová, Zina (advisor)
The human voice is most definitely a musical instrument at all. is given by every human being without distinction, but only some are blessed with more extreme musical talent. If they can also combine it with the correct techniqueand a morality can go to expensive professional singers. these people then for the exercise of their profession require maximum voice quality, which is voice function correctly determined without any organic or functional disorders. Each instrumentalist is familiar with the substance, mechanics and physical properties of his instrument and knowshow to maintain and nurse, so that he could rely on in the game. A similar principleapplies to professional singers. It is important to understand not only his instrument in terms of structure and physiology, but also know how to properly care for him. The situation is is more complex than the instrumental artist. Voice, especially the singing is the only one
|
|
The importance of protein quantity at nutrition of extremely immature newborns
Lamberská, Tereza ; Plavka, Richard (advisor)
Thesis I chose based on their interest in neonatology and the care of extremely premature infant, I would like to take after graduation. The rapid development of neonatology in the last two decades have brought significant change in the possibilities of survival of premature infants.Improving quality of care critically ill newborns in perinatal centers have significantly reduce neonatal mortality. The main challenge for neonatology in addition maintaining a low infant mortality in particular the reduction of serious morbidity and improve long-term prognosis. Nutrition extremely preterm infants is one of the most importantfactors affecting their growth. Recent clinical studies show that quantitativecontent some nutrients, particularly protein nutrition in extremely prematureinfants, has significant effect on psychomotor development and long-termprognosis of these children. Optimal intake of nutrients for specific patients is often very difficult and is needs to be sensitively adapted to the specific condition of the newborn.
|
|
Case Study of physioterapy treatment of a patient after ischemic stroke with right-sided hemiparesis
Čulíková, Tereza ; Neuwirthová, Svatava (advisor) ; Chmelíková, Jana (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient after ischemic stroke with right-sided hemiparesis Objective: The main aim of this study is to analyze the theoretical knowledge about etiology, clinical symptoms, stages of disease and the following therapeutic methods used during treatment given to patients who suffered a brain stroke. Secondary, prooveing and veryfing my own capabilities in terms of communication with the pacient and his examination, lastly conducting conclusions and creating concepts of therapy treatments which were practically and subsequently applied. Method: The general part of my bachelor thesis contains theoretical knowledge about etiology, clinical symptoms, varieties and stages of ischemic brain strokes and the following options of therapeutic methods used on pacients with such diagnosis. The practical part of the thesis is based on my own study and care of a patient after ischemic brain stroke during my therapeutic observation and research in Rehabilitation Clinic of Malvazinky from 23. 1. 2012 to 17. 2. 2012. Results: Light improvement of fine motor skills, increase of myodynamia of the affected upper extremity involved in complex movement, general improvement of function of the dextral extremity in activities of daily living that implies increase of self-...
|
guest ::
