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The analysis of aberrations in the localization of the radiated fields during irradiation of the patients with rectum tumors by EPID method
HARTMANOVÁ, Magda
The presented thesis deals with the analysis of deviations in radiation fields during the irradiation of the patients with rectal tumors. The first part of the thesis is focused on the current problems connected with rectal and rectosigmoid cancer both in the Czech Republic and worldwide. It also includes the description of risk factors, characterisation of the given type oftumor, manifestation of the disease as well as the prognosis. What is also tackled is the prevention, which is important and often neglected.It was necessary to mention the possibilities of screening and dispensarisation programs. The next part deals with the diagnostic process (from anamnesis to specialised examinations) as well as the therapy. Chemotherapy and surgery are mentioned only marginally whereas radiotherapy, including its planning and methods, is dealt with in a more detailed way. The main part consists of the analysis of deviations in radiation fields. The deviations have been obtained by means of EPID (electron portal image device) in a sample of patients with rectal and rectosigmoid cancer who are treated with the use of radiotherapy at the oncological ward of the Hospital České Budějovice, Inc. The maximum, minimum and average deviation in the localization of radiation fields were assessed statistically, by means of the khi-quadrate test. The results obtained will be submitted to the oncological ward of the Hospital České Budějovice, Inc., where they can contribute to the assessment of radiotherapy quality. The thesis includes supplements such as portal images and tables with graphs indicating the development of the incidence and mortality for the chosen diagnosis within the entire population.
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The Child with obezity - The education of parents
MRZENOVÁ, Jindra
A child with obesity - education of parents In recent years children obesity is taking the character of worldwide epidemics. This tendency is among others caused by the change of eating habits and composition of diet rich in fats and sugars. The occurrence of obesity is further caused by gene base of a child and lifestyle in which the physical activity of children is decreasing and children spend their free time especially in front of televisions and computers. Obesity itself worsens health state and the life quality of a child, who consequently suffers from health and psychical problems. These children are often exposed to laughter and bully by their contemporaries. This condition leads to their effacing themselves to seclusion, feelings of anxiety; the children become solitaires and compensate everything by higher intake of food. Obesity in children is a very hardly curable diagnosis. In quite a lot of them combating obesity is not successful and obesity outlasts in adulthood. Health complications as disorders of joints, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure or various heart problems are also linked to this disorder. A nurse plays an important role in care of children with obesity. Together with a doctor she works on detecting children with obesity and his or her preventive actions can lead to decreasing of risks and complications connected with children obesity. A nurse educates children and parents about the problem of obesity, possible consequences and complications connected with this diagnosis, and provides advice and emotional support at changes of lifestyle of obese children and their families. The thesis was processed using quantitative research by the method of questioning and the technique of a questionnaire. Researched group was composed of children with obesity or overweight children and their parents. Questionnaires were distributed in outpatient clinics of general practitioners for children and teenagers and also children hospitalized in teaching hospital in Pilsen. We chose two aims of the thesis. First we wanted to find out the parents´ informedness of the problem of obesity and second to find out lifestyle in the family with an obese child. We can conclude that parents are informed of the problem and complications of obesity; however they do not follow healthy lifestyle. Further we chose three hypotheses. Parents are informed of the problem of obesity. This hypothesis was proved. Parents are not informed of complications in connection with obesity in their children. This hypothesis was disproved. Children with obesity do not follow healthy lifestyle principles. This hypothesis was also proved. The results of this thesis research can serve as a study material and are offered to parents who participated in the research.
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Radiotherapy and its negative effects on patients with colorectal carcinoma
SYROVÁTKA, Radim
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common diseases in developed countries. There has been a persistent increase in the diagnosis not only in the Czech Republic, but also throughout the world. The awareness of it as well as primary and secondary prevention are of key importance regarding this disease. Primary prevention means a healthy lifestyle including a diet with plenty of fibre, physical activity and reducing or cutting out alcohol and cigarettes. Secondary prevention constitutes a medical examination of colon and rectum in high-risk patients and in individuals older than 55. Nowadays, two methods are available - a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and a screening colonoscopy. Both methods are fully covered by health insurance. After the disease has been established by precise diagnostic methods, the patient is to undergo radiotherapy. Mostly this is neoadjuvant treatment; in the case of non-operable tumours it is only a question of individual curative radiotherapy. Brachytherapy is rarely used for treating colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic. If the disease is in an advanced stage and the patient is in an overall poor condition, we proceed to palliative care. The first objective of this thesis is to describe the pathology of the colon and rectum, radiotherapy and the negative effects of radiotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer. This objective is elaborated in the practical part of the Bachelor thesis. The second objective is to evaluate the doses of radiation in vital organs during radiotherapy for colorectal cancer between 2002 and 2013. In the Bachelor thesis, the following hypothesis is stated: "Owing to the improvement of planning systems, verification systems and the irradiation apparatus, the negative effects on vital organs during the radiotherapy for colorectal cancer were reduced." To evaluate the radiation doses and the hypothesis, data collection in České Budějovice Hospital, joint-stock company, had to be carried out. The group of assessed patients added up to 54 individuals who underwent curative radiotherapy and 7 patients who underwent palliative treatment in 2002, along with 69 individuals who were treated with a curative intent and 12 subjects who were treated with a palliative intent in 2013. The obtained data provided us with information that the dose of radiation in the bladder in patients who underwent curative treatment of colorectal cancer decreased between 2002 and 2013. As far as the palliative treatment is concerned there was no significant dose reduction in this vital organ.
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Case study of Physiotherapy Care of patient with diagnosis Multiple injuries of soft tissues of knee joints with following rigidity.
Poláková, Eliška ; Žáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kozáková, Alena (referee)
Title: Case study of Physioterapy care of patient with diagnosis Multiple injuries of soft tissues of knee joints with following rigidity Author: Eliška Poláková Aim: Treatment proposal to the pacient with diagnosis multiple injuries of soft tissues of knee joints with following rigidity Methods and abstract: This work was developed as a research case study in professional practice, which took place from 23rd January 2012 do 17th February 2012 in Regional Hospital Kladno. The work is divided into a theoretical part and special part. The theoretical part deals with theoretical knowledge in terms of anatomy, kinesiology and injury mechanisms. It also includes the possibility of treatment in the matter, the possibility of investigative techniques and physiotherapy practices in the postoperative period. Related special section describes a case report of a patient with multiple disabilities posttraumatic soft tissue knee followed by rigidity, behavior therapy and evaluate the effect of therapy. Results: Status of patient is different at the beginning and end of therapy. Mainly to improve range of motion in L knee, increase muscle strength and improve walking stereotype. Key words: knee joint, menscus, posterior cruciate ligament, instability, medial collateral ligament, physioterapy
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Case study: Physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis of polytopic vertebral algic syndrome
Foffová, Lenka ; Melli, Klára (advisor) ; Biskup, Šimon (referee)
Title: Case study: Physiotherapy treatment of a patient with the diagnosis of polytopic vertebral algic syndrome The aim of this thesis was to make a research focused on the polytopic vertebral algic syndrome and the physiotherapy treatment of a patient with such diagnosis. In the theoretical part the topic was covered considering anatomy, biomechanics, kinesiology, clinical symptoms, methods of treatment and subsequent therapy, focusing mainly on physiotherapy treatment possibilities. The practical part was made in a case history form, compiled during the continuous medical practice at Rehabilitation Clinic of Královské Vinohrady University Hospital from 23 January till 17 February 2012. Key words: polytopic vertebral algic syndrome, spine, physiotherapy, case report
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The role of a nurse in a diabetes clinic with the indication of the insulin therapy at a patient with a diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus 2nd type.
TESAŘOVÁ, Martina
Basic theoretical part Theoretical part of this bachelor thesis points to concrete data about Type 2 Diabettes Mellitus diagnosis. It also includes the characteristic of an illness, it´s subsequent treatment either the medicine or physical activity and diet. Next part of the theory deals with special problems, complications and social aspects of patients. The last part of this theoretical unit is focused on patient´s education and the following educational process. Goals of the thesis The first goal of this bachelor thesis is to map the quality of education from a diabetics´ point of view. The second goal is focused on information and later complications related with Type 2 Diabettes Mellitus diagnosis. The third aim is information about diabetological tool prescription. The fourth aim is to announce to patiens about possibilities of using social services. Conclusion The aim of chosen topis of bachelor thesis is thinking about nursing care for patients with Type 2 Diabettes Mellitus diagnosis in all ages, which is supposed to be a daily routine for a nurse in a diabetic surgery. Bachelor thesic could be a manual for each nurse, which works in this field. Each nurse should be helpful for improoving the patients´ healthcare with this type of illness. There came up an educational material, in accordance withidentified shortcomings of current educational resources and from a conclusion of empirical part and from the needs of patients. This simple educational material should be helpful for easier insulin application. The whole application is explained to patiens on the base of clear and simple instructions step by step. According to the next respondent research from a diabetological surgery I suggest several improvements of diabetical aids like diabetic needles due to presbyopia and aviolationof fine motor skillsindiabeticpatients. It is also necessary to providea device forfacilitatingpatienturine collectionfor24 hours. I would like to achieve the result validity. Another bug problem came out of respondent research is waste disposal
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Use a common nursing language
HLAVÁČOVÁ, Lucie
The common nursing language includes in particular classification, which include, inter alia, Nanda taxonomy. Nanda taxonomy (originally Nort American Nursing Diagnosis Association - North American Association for the nursing diagnosis) is a professional organization of nurses to standardize nursing terminology. Founded in 1982. Its task is to organize a nursing diagnosis according to certain principles. The aim is to create a uniform standard names. 2 Nanda taxonomy based on the functional patterns Marion Gordon. Contains 13 diagnostic domains, 47 classes and 172 diagnoses.
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Poruchy příjmu potravy u žáků středních škol
Kabourková, Eliška
The bacherol thesis deals with eating disorders of a high school pupil based on the qualitative research. The theoretical part describes the current knowledge of eating disorders, the segmentation, the specification, the causes, the diagnosis, the possibilities of the treatment and the prevention of eating disorders. The attitude of the pupil's high school and the family is pointed out as well. The method of the practical part is based on the searching and studying of the professional literary sources and the information is handling into the review abstracting. The aim of the thesis is to get the details from the high school pupil who suffers by eating disorders and find out her relation approaches to her school, her family and her neighbourhood influenced by the eating disorders. The method of the practical part is the case study of the high school pupil who suffers by the bulimia nervosa. The data are processed by the qualitative analysis using the casuistry. The recommendations for the educational and psychological practice are suggested following the research results.
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Use of Procalcitonin Levels Measurement in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Septic States.
PAVLÍKOVÁ, Lenka
The Master thesis gives an overview of sepsis, its causes, manifestation and diagnostics. The role of procalcitonin as a sepsis marker is dicussed. In the experimental part, case records of 106 were examined and the determination of procalcitonin as a sepsis marker was evaluated. Based on the evaluation, a recommendation about timing of the procalcitonin level analyses with septic patients were made.
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