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Reception and distribution of humanitarian aid in crisis situations
MACÁLKOVÁ, Dana
This bachelor thesis deals with humanitarian aid provided to people in emergencies. It concerns a short-term material and logistical assistance provided from humanitarian sources. The basic objective of the assistance is saving human lives, providing basic human needs such as food, shelter and sanitary conditions. There are several forms of providing humanitarian assistance. The usual form of such is of a material nature. Among the best known providers are Administration of State Material Reserves, central storehouses of Firefighters Corps, assistance from regions and municipalities, non-governmental, non-profit organizations and assistance from business people and individuals. In order to receive a material aid, we have to be adequately prepared for it. Another from of assistance is of a financial nature which is the most attractive; affected communities buy material they really need. The goal of this thesis was to devise a system and procedures during receipt and distribution of humanitarian aid in communities affected by an emergency situation. Questionnaires sent out to municipalities with extended powers in South Bohemia region served as a methodology for processing. The aim of the questionnaire was to find out the conditions for securing the acceptance, distribution and storing humanitarian aid in relevant municipalities, securing alternative or emergency accommodation for inhabitants from municipalities affected by an emergency situation. A concrete proposal was suggested in the municipality of Veselí nad Lužnicí where I devised a safe location for storerooms and a base for humanitarian aid. Space serving as a storage place is designed in a way to meet all conditions needed for both personnel in charge of receipt and evidence of humanitarian aid, and for proper storage of material and handling equipment. The obtained results showed that the relevant municipalities are sufficiently and materially prepared for receipt and distribution of humanitarian aid and they have an alternative accommodation ready for affected inhabitants.
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The Role of Nurses in Colorectal Surgeries
ŠULCOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical basis: The problems in rectal and anal diseases have had rising tendency, especially haemorrhoidal diseases, on which we put emphasis in our bachelor thesis. 37% of adult population suffers from this disease so we may line it up to civilization illnesses. Their treatment involves wide range of medical methods, from the conservative therapy to semi invasive ways of treatment. The semi invasive treatment is well withstood by patients and it can help up to 90% of clients. This bachelor thesis is concerned with specifics of nursing duties in a colorectal surgery. It links with topics like taking faecal specimen, basic methods of endoscopy, communication with patients and giving them information about lifestyle. The theoretical basis describes haemorrhoidal disease and gives brief introduction into causes of its developing, most common symptoms and possible treatments. The aim of the thesis: From the practical point of view we set two tasks. The first one is aimed at specifics of nursing job in a colorectal surgery and the second one tries to monitor how nurses in colorectal surgeries inform patients about healthy lifestyle. We asked two research questions regarding these aims. The first research question is: What are the specifics of the nursing job in the colorectal surgery? The second question concerns how nurses in colorectal surgeries provide information to their patients about healthy lifestyle. Methodology: Regarding the bachelor thesis we decided to choose a form of a qualitative research with using semi structural interviews with practical nurses working in colorectal surgeries. The interviews took place from February 28 2014 to March 15 2014 in five colorectal surgeries in following towns: České Budějovice, Písek, Strakonice, Jindřichův Hradec a Třemošná u Plzně. The focus group was created of 6 nurses working in colorectal surgeries. The interviews were performed and recorded with the consent of all practical nurses involved in the research. All extracted data was arranged and categorised into groups that were consequently analysed. The interviewer´s questions were prepared in advance and some extra questions were asked during the interview. The interview was divided into five areas: Identification questions, role of a nurse, examination methods, recommendation and giving information about lifestyle. Results: The results show the specifics of nursing in colorectal surgeries. We found out that nurses working in colorectal surgeries deal mainly with preparing special medical instruments and devices needed for endoscopic examination. Then they assist doctors during a medical examination and with treatment methods of RBL (Barron´s rubber band ligation) and Hemoron, they manipulate with devices in a surgery, check hygiene measures, do administrative work and keep surgery office running. In other conversation areas practical nurses mostly mentioned sampling of biological materials, mainly blood and faecal specimen taking to be given up to histological examination, preparing patients for an endoscopic exam, communication with patients and attending to the intimacy of patients. Consequently we found out that more than half of the practical nurses pay attention to psychological conditioning of the patient before rectoscopy. The research also revealed some weak spots. More than half of the nurses in the focus group do not inform patients about preparations before anoscope exam. Barely one third of the group said that they inform patients about the natural emptying before the exam. Regarding the issue of giving information about lifestyle, we came to the conclusion that practical nurses, even though they do not have enough time, try to inform patients about physical activities, hygiene care and quality of eating and they do it in sufficient rate. But because of the time constrain they put emphasis only on the essential information.
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Bystander effect from paramedic point of view
TOMAN, Antonín
This bachelor thesis named "bystander effect from paramedic point of view" is focused on professional rescue workers view on the presence of bystanders by an individual, occurring in an emergent situation. Similarly, this work takes into consideration the problems of influence that bystanders have on the professional activities of paramedics. Onlookers watching the accident are an integral part of the daily activities by rescue workers, equally as bystander effect individuals. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The first chapter of the theoretical part deals with the history of emergency medical services and its function, medical operations centre of first aid function and legislation, the second chapter introduces the problems of communication in the pre-hospital emergency care, along with issues relating to stressful situations in the pre-hospital emergency care. The third chapter deals with the issue of prosocial behaviour. It discusses the factors that affect the ability to provide first aid, and it also deals with the problems of prosocial behaviour by individuals and dilemmas, which according to the literature affect each individual, who occurs in the situation when he must provide help to someone else. i also discuss norms of social behaviour. Chapter also takes into account the problems of social boundaries that lead individual behaviour to the benefit of society. a different view of single individuals on social norms is also taken into consideration. In the fourth chapter of the theoretical there is provided a comprehensive insight into the psychological phenomenon, that was first described in the USA. Dispersal of responsibility is a basic prerequisite for the origin of bystander effect. Dispersal of responsibility arises from the large number of individuals at one place, among which is the responsibility equally divided and does not lie to anyone truly full weight of responsibility for the situation. Another aspect is pluralistic ignorance, which arises from the assumption, that people do, that nothing is happening and act absently. An integral part of the bystander effect is an inhibitory influence of audiences, when is the individual, thinking about the help, paralyzed by the presence of bystanding witnesses. i also discuss personality factors and the willingness of individuals to help. The aim is to map the experience of paramedics, whose work is during intervention influenced by dilettante bystanders, and map the awareness of paramedics on bystander effect. There were selected two research questions. The first one determines whether bystanders lay persons affect paramedic work and the second one examines what kind of information about bystander effect paramedics have. To achieve these objectives, the practical part uses a qualitative research strategy. Data collection was accomplished using a semi-structured interview. The interview was compiled from pre-prepared questions focused on the impact of bystanders dilettantes in the work of medical paramedics and also on awareness about the bystander effect. The sample consisted of 8 paramedics with at least five years of experience in the medical rescue service. Data recording was realized using audio recordings, while transcription evidence was subsequently obtained. Evaluation of the data was carried out in the form of content analysis of transcribed interviews. Except the issue of bystander effect there was also discussed real case interpretation of this problem. The research showed that lay bystanders affect the work of paramedics. It was also found out, that rescuers do not have general awareness of the bystander effect. Results and personal statements of the respondents in the research generally agree with the opinions released by the literature. After any adjustment this bachelor thesis it could be used as educational material.
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The Jewish population of the judicial district Sedlec, and their social status until the year 1945 (with a specific heed to the year 1940)
KRUCHŇOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this propounded thesis has been to elaborate a register of Jewish population in the judicial district Sedlec, and to essay the creation of the reflection of their wealth. The filing cards from the Jews' card files were the primary source, which were enriched by police ordinances and the census from 1930. This thesis is set in the period of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; therefore, I devoted a chapter to this period, where besides other things I explain the term "Jew" in accordance with the Nuremberg Laws. There is an overview of regulations that restricted the freedom of the Jews, from which the view on curtailing of the hated minority by the Nazis comes. The important part of this piece of work is the description of how the Jewish religious community worked which gives us an insight into the life of this community. Attention was also dedicated to the social structure, including other factors that affect it; hence, this work contains a chapter which provides an overview of the research in this field. Another part is a list of ninety-four people of the Jewish faith or origin formed by communities and families living in them. It is accompanied by a text part which shows the material and financial resources for individual families. The work is enriched by annexes: tables, graphs, maps, and last but not least, some photographs of some slaughtered Jews by the Nazis appearing in the list.
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