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Modifikace barvy dřeva nanočásticemi železa
Kmoníčková, Petra
This thesis clarifies the influence of the content of polyphenolic substances on the color change of oak and larch wood after the modification of surface by iron. The samples were modified by solution of iron nanoparticles at two different concentrations. After that the change of color components was determined. The analysis of polyphenols by Folin-Ciocalteu by spectrophotometric method was made for each sample and also dry matter in the extracts was determined. The final data were subjected to statistical analysis and correlation and regression analysis were performed. Statistically significant correlations for both species were found.
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Vliv tepelné modifikace na vybrané vlastnosti bukového dřeva tlakově impregnovaného přírodními oleji
Daněk, Václav
Present study aims to analyze thermal modification of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) press-impregnated by natural oil and its influence on physical and mechanical properties of wood. Beech wood was press-impregnated by hemp oil (O 1000) and thermally modified at 200°C for 3 hours. Influence of certain treatment (i.e. oil impregnation, thermal modification, combination) was experimentally investigated using physical and mechanical tests. Color changes (CIELab system), dimensional stability and bending strength were experimentally measured and results compared with reference group. Results of given work was further discussed and compared with literature. Results shows increase of dimensional stability about 18% after thermal modification (TM) and 22% for oil impregnated and thermally modified wood (OL+TM). Mechanical performance (bending strength) decreased about 5,2% after thermal modification as a results of degradation of wood cell wall. On the other hand, strength increase about 9% for wood impregnated by oils. Combined processed provide results within similar range as reference. Results should be further discussed and parameters of process (temperature levels) as well as influence of various oils parameters (drying, semi-drying, nondrying) tested in future.
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Influence of wood structure on wood properties of tropical species
Baar, Jan
The presented thesis is focused on aesthetical and acoustic properties of tropical wood. The discussed tropical species are utilized in Europe mainly for their unusual appearance and colour in joinery and furniture production. The irreplacable acoustic properties like low internal friction predestine specific species for production of musical instruments. The colour of six selected tropical species - jatoba (Hymenea courbaril L.), massaranduba (Manilkara bidentata A. Chev.), muiracatiara (Astronium graveolens Jacq.), angelim amargoso (Vatairea spp.), angelim pedra (Hymenolobium spp.) and angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke) - were analyzed and expressed in CIEL*a*b* colour space. Subsequently the samples were exposed to artificial sunlight and the light-induced discolouration rate and progress was evaluated. The colour change was rapid in zhe first hours of exposure and all species showed a similar trend in lightness (L*) change - initial darkening replaced by gradual fading. The change in chromatic parameters (a* and b*) change was specific for individual species and probably related to the chemical composition of the extractives. The overall discolouration of lighter coloured wood samples is more distinctive. The extractive content of tropical species is usually high and determines wood colour. The wood of African Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub) and Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) was extracted in a mixture of methanol, water and acetone. The total extractives and total phenolic content was measured. Extractive content was related to colour parameters and above all to lightness in both species. The increase in extractive content leads to a lighter and more yellow colouration of Jatoba wood while African Padauk was darker with a higher amount of extractives. In Jatoba, a positive correlation was found between extractive content and the rate of discolouration. The extractives are responsible for intensive discolouration of tropical woods in contrast to light coloured woods from the temperate zone, where the yellowing is primarily caused by lignin photodegradation. The sound velocity was measured by ultrasound and resonance longitudinal method in heartwood of doussie (Afzelia bipindensis), merbau (Intsia bijuga), wengé (Millettia stuhlmannii Taub.), muiracatiara (Astronium graveolens Jacq.) and zebrano (Microberlinia brazzavillensis). The sound velocity was not related to the density in any case. Although anatomical structural characteristics as fiber length or ray ratio positively influenced it. With longer fibers and slender rays the sound velocity increased. Other acoustic properties like dynamic young modulus of elasticity, specific modulus of elasticity, internal friction and acoustic conversion efficiency (ACE) were determined and were related to measured anatomical features. The differences in composition of wood tissue of individual species were the main source of departure between the assessed relationships. The wood with longer fibers and lower frequency of rays reached lower values of internal friction. The stiffness of wood characterized by the dynamic modulus of elasticity was correlated with fiber and ray tissue. A higher volume of fibers influenced the stiffness positively, while ray volume had the opposite effect on stiffness. Positive effects of fiber length and ray ratio were found for dynamic modulus of elasticity and for acoustic conversion efficiency as well. Both values increased with longer fibers and higher ray ratio. The sound velocity is the basis of some nondestructive techniques for determination of wood mechanical properties. The comparison of density and three dynamic moduli of elasticity (longitudinal and flexural resonance method and ultrasound method) in prediction of mechanical properties was carried out. The density was evaluated as a poor predictor when the samples are not straight-grained and defect free. The interlocked grain often occurred in tropical species and its presence influences the mechanical properties of wood but not wood density. The dynamic moduli of elasticity showed strong correlation with the static modulus of elasticity. Among nondestructive techniques, the weakest correlation was found for the ultrasound method, which is probably partially explained by different measuring mechanism. The prediction of the modulus of rupture is less accurate when the dynamic modulus of elasticity is compared with the static modulus of elasticity; however, it was still good in comparison with the density model.
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Změna barvy povrchu modifikovaného dubového dřeva působením umělého slunečního záření
Rozboril, Tadeáš
This bachelor thesis conducted as an experiment is concerned by the color change of modified oak wood surface affected by artificial sun light. Part of the thesis is also focused on influence of chosen modification to the color change of oak wood surface. Samples of oak wood for experiment were modified by ammonia and by iron nanoparticles. Both modifications darken the surface of samples. Color change by the artificial sun light was measured on modified oak samples, also on subfossil and natural oak wood. The dry regime caused darkening of untreated oak, and whitening of all other samples. The wet regime caused whitening of all samples, however smallest color change was measured on samples modified by nano-iron.
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Kvalitativní hodnocení ekologicky a konvenčně pěstovaných tykví (Cucurbita maxima Duch.)
Kneblová, Lenka
This graduation thesis was developed at the Department of Vegetable Growing and Floriculture in year 2013/2014. The work solves the issue of the pumpkin production (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) in the system of ecological and conventional production including quality parameter evaluation. The differences in the quality between products coming from organic and conventional agriculture are explained in the literary part. The study also characterizes the ecological production legislative. The theoretical part deals with the description and cultivation of the pumpkins. The experimental part is focused on the evaluation of content substances, such as vitamin C, dry matter, carotenoids. Another of the monitored parameters are color change and weight loss during storage. In the measured parameters were found significant differences in the content of dry matter and discoloration.
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