|
|
Výskyt ftalátů v potravním řetězci a jejich vliv na lidský organizmus
Kloudová, Vendula
The bachelor's thesis entitled Occurrence of phthalates in the food chain and their effect on the human organism discusses the issue of food contamination and its entry into the human body. The primary way the human body is exposed to phthalates is through the consumption of contaminated food. There are several ways in which phthalates enter the food chain. For example, contaminated feed is given to animals, resulting in the presence of phthalates in animal tissues. Subsequently, these contaminated raw materials are used in the production of food, leading to their presence in the final product. Due to their ubiquitous occurrence, this thesis also analyzes other routes of exposure to phthalates for the human body, such as cosmetic preparations or medical devices. The work first defines the physical and chemical properties of phthalates that have a significant influence on the contamination of the surrounding environment. Subsequently, it describes the metabolism of phthalates in the human body and possible ways in which they can be degraded. Furthermore, the acute and chronic toxicity of phthalates is defined here, which classifies phthalates as so-called endocrine disruptors that have an adverse effect on reproduction, prenatal and postnatal development, or carcinogenicity. Methods for detecting phthalates are also described in the thesis, and less toxic functional alternatives to phthalates are presented. Finally, legislative measures related to the issue are analyzed in the conclusion of the thesis.
|
|
|
Determination of phtalates via GC-MS in children´s pacifiers and a risk of their transport to human´s digestive system.
CIHLÁŘOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with the problems of phthalates analysis, or phthalic acid esters, contained in children´s pacifiers. These organic substances have been used for many years as a plasticizers of plastics, rubber and PVC. Since phthalates are not chemically bound in the polymers they are easily released into the environment. Phthalates have negative health effects on the human body, especially on the reproductive and endocrine system. Some phthalates behave in the body like xenoestrogens, mostly in males, since they can affect the development of genitals in infancy. A long-term intake of these substances leads to their accumulation in the organism, and thus there is a risk of developing chronic diseases. A long-term exposure to high doses over a long period of time increases the toxicity of the plasticisers, especially after a direct contact of young children with the pacifiers. The main aim of this bachelor thesis was description and assessment of the effects of phthalates on the human organism. Phthalates were determined by gas chromatography method with the mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS), after the extraction of plasticizers with an organic non-polar solvent. The phthalate analysis was conducted in two different parts of each baby pacifiers, that were randomly selected commercially available products. Phthalates were detected in most investigated samples, similar concentrations levels were found in both parts of the pacifiers.
|
guest ::
