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The influence of sheep grazing on species composition and biomass production of grassland
JINDŘICHOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor's thesis is presented in the form of a comprehensive literature review, focusing on grazing and permanent grasslands in the Czech Republic and the evolu-tion of their areas. The review provides an in-depth analysis of grazing systems, including the characterization of individual facilities and equipment for pastures, and the identification of the various factors that influence the grazing landscape. Additionally, the thesis presents valuable insights into the vegetation of these grass-lands, including species composition, optimal composition for different types of livestock, and palatability of vegetation for different types of livestock. The nutri-tional and water regimes of grasslands, including their indicators and distribution, are also discussed. Furthermore, this thesis presents a comprehensive characteriza-tion of sheep grazing, including the significance of breeding, breeds and their dis-tribution, ethology, population in the Czech Republic, reproduction, care for lambs and the herd, and diseases associated with sheep. The thesis also assessed the spe-cies composition of agrobotanical groups and the proportion of empty spaces, and monitored the production of biomass and dry matter. The mowing system was found to yield the best species composition and the highest production. Overall, this literature review provides valuable insights into the management of grazing and permanent grasslands in the Czech Republic, offering practical guidance for land managers and farmers, as well as serving as a solid foundation for future research in this field. The empirical findings suggest that the mowing system implemented on meadow no. 2 yielded the highest production among the evaluated grasslands. This outcome underscores the importance of evidence-based management practices in optimizing the productivity of grazing and permanent grasslands. To this end, the implementation of targeted measures, such as reducing grazing pressure, applying appropriate fertilization practices, overseeding with desirable species, and shorten-ing the grazing period, are crucial in promoting optimal grassland productivity and sustainability.
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Evaluation of livestock density and botanical composition of permanenet pastures in selected farm
BÖHMOVÁ, Miroslava
In the bachelor thesis, the effect of grazing frequency, stocking rate and trampling of grazing land by cattle on a selected farm was investigated. It is based on a literature search which includes an outline of grazing systems, the representation of botanical species and agro-botanical groups, the influence of livestock on stand formation and the ecological sub-conditions affecting the composition of grazing stands. The experimental part was carried out in the South Bohemian Region in the municipality of Hracholusky-Vrbice. The experiment includes images from two cattle pastures where the experiment was conducted. The obtained data were used to evaluate the palatability of grasses and to calculate the representation of species diversity. The practical part included calculating the grazing load and the effect of grazing and trampling on the plants.
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Methodological tasks of livestock density in pastures and etological observation of cattle in pasture
PETRÁŠ, Marek
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to design suitable ways of expressing the load of grazing areas and monitoring cattle during grazing with regard to the condition of pastures. These goals were achieved on the basis of one-year monitoring and analysis of pasture on the monitored pastures. At the same time, when monitoring the botanical composition of pastures, the behavior of cattle on pasture and its influence on pasture and soil compaction were monitored.
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The analysis of status and pasture exploitation in selected farm and recommendation of suitable grazing system
ŠTAFKOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis is to assess an influence on a grassland composition and grassland condition with different grazing method, frequency of grazing and animal composition. A basis is a literature review which contains a brief description of productive and nonproductive function of a permanent grassland, an grazing importance of grassland maintenance, a way and intensity of grazing and The experiment was performed in Carlsbad region (Czech republic), near Fojtov township. The experiment contains botanical images of three different grazings, cattle, horse and sheep. At these grazings where made two two-year cycle observations (2013, 2014), on the 15th of June and on the 13th of September. At these grazings where three different observation areas with different water regime and with different agro-botanical composition. Gained data were used to calculate diversity species indices (Simpsons and Hills), site water regime and a grazing forage value. Data were also statistically processed. A part of this experiment was also to calculate grazing load for a whole grazing period and for one grazing cycle.
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The influence of pasture system and pasture exploitation on sward structure and soil properties
ŠTAFKOVÁ, Kateřina
The aim of the thesis is an influence of a grazing method and a frequency of grazing and the influence of grassland load on its composition and the soil enviroment. The basis is a literature rewiew which contains a brief outline of productive and nonproductive function of permanent grasslands, grazing systems, influence of individual livestock on grassland formation and ecological conditions influencing composition of a permanent grassland. The experimental part was performed at Carlsbad region near a village named Fojtov. The experiment includes botanical images of three different grazings, cattle, horse and sheep. At these grazings were made three observations, on the 27th of April 2012, on the 15th of June 2012 and on the 13th of September 2012. At the cattle grazing were made observations at three different growth types, at the sheep grazing were made at two different growth types considering a slope of grassland and on the horse grazing was made one observation. Obtained informations were used for calculation of species diversity indices (Simpsons and Hills) and for water regime of site. A part of the practical part was also to calculate overall grazing load for a grazing period and the grazing load for each grazing cycle.
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