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Zaplevelení kukuřice a hnojení organickými hnojivy
Robenek, Jakub
In the spring of 2023, field trials were set up on the school farming enterprise Nový Jičín plot to assess weed infestation the application of slurry, farmyard manure, digestate and separate. Liquid fertilisers (slurry, digestate) were applied at a rate of 50 m3, solid fertilisers (manure, separate) were applied at a rate of 50 t/ha. After the application of the selected fertilisers, they were incorporated, followed by tillage and sowing of maize (Zea mays). During the 6th leaf stage of maize, the current weed infestation was evaluated, followed by the application of herbicide, which successfully suppressed the weeds present. The results of the weed infestation showed differences between the fertilization treatments, with the highest weed infestation determined for the manure-fertilized treatment, followed by the digestate, slurry, and separate treatments. On the basis of statistical processing, the following weeds were identified as the most abundant weeds in the manure: red dead-nettle, common field-speedwell, common orache, common amarant, common fumitory, cockspur grass, curled dock, field pansy. The following weeds were present in the slurry: small-flowered cranesbill, cleavers, petty spurge, coltsfoot. The variant fertilised with digestate contained mainly weed species: wild radish, yellow charlock, shepherd’s-purse, field pennycress, field bindweed, rape, fat-hen, creeping thistle. In the part fertilised with separates, the following were mainly represented: field horsetail, mammoth red clover, common chickweed, dandelion, hoary cress, knotgrass, ribwort plantain. The last experimental variant was left without fertilisation, serving as a control. The identified weed species were also used for pH, N, P and salinity analysis as bioindicators. Weed species were divided according to the methodological guidelines into several groups representing certain criteria. During the comparison of the weed species criteria with the theoretical properties and character of the selected fertilizers, a conclusion was established in which the weed indications for each variant could be considered identical to the properties and character of the fertilizers.
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Škodlivost polních plevelů ve vybrané plodině
Foldýnová, Pavla
Abstract This bachelors thesis deals with evaluation of heterogeneity and harmfulness of weed infestation in selected crops. Literary part is focused on classification, harmfulness, utility and also regulation of weeds. Second part focuses on direct evaluation of field test in year 2012 in winter wheat on land in Žabčice. By all found weed species, crop equivalents were determined for specifying of harmfulness and also mapping of theirs occurence on the land. Options of effective regulation of this weeds were suggested based on acquired results.
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Polní plevele a jejich výskyt na pozemcích vybraného zemědělského podniku
Martinová, Lucie
The aim of the thesis was to find out the actual weed infestation of selected crops at Mr. Bělín´s farm, which is situated in the Olomouc region in a village called Čelčice. The monitoring was carried out in winter wheat, spring barley, winter rape and sugar beet. Evalution was carried out counting methods and the results of the weed infestation evaluation were processed with the DCA analysis. The canonical corespondence analysis showed that in the winter wheat were found : Tripleurospermum inodorum, Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum, Brassica napus. In the spring barely were: Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Lamium purpureum, Thlaspi arvense, Galium aparine. In winter rape were: Lamium purpureum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Stellaria media, cereals. In sugar beet were: Galium aparine, Chenopodium album, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum lapathifolium, Atriplex patula.
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Plevele ozimé pšenice a střídání plodin
Kosík, Pavel
The effect of crop rotation on actual weed infestation The aim of the thesis is to evaluate crop rotation on winter wheat weed infestation. Observations were performed at the field trial Žabčice (department of Mendel University Brno ) experimental sites. For year experiment (2015-2016) we used the arithmetic method and Statistica.CZ software for the statistical processing and evaluation of the individual plants and species. To determine the impact of followed factors on individual weed species, the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) with redundand and canonical correspondence analysis, (CCA) were applied. The crop rotation greatly affects weed infestation and has a potential to reduce weed infestation in crops.
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Vliv vybraných pěstitelských opatření na plevele v porostech ozimé pšenice
Kosík, Pavel
The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of different soil cultivation, crop rotation and year on winter wheat weed infestation. Weed observation was monitored at a field trial station in Ivanovice na Hané. The calculation method was used, the number of individuals was measured on an area of 1 m2. The evaluation was carried out during the years 2016, 2017 and 2018. Statistic processing and evaluation of the number of individuals of all species in winter wheat stands was used by the computer program Statistica.Cz. Multidimensional analyzes of ecological data by DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) segmental analysis were used to determine the effect of the observed factors on individual weed species occurring in field trials. Further, redundancy and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used. In conclusion, we can say that all observed technologies and crop rotation processes have an impact on weed infestation and the right technology is chosen, and not only the weed infestation but also the need for herbicides can be significantly reduced by balanced crop rotation. Another important factor that cannot be influenced, however, is the influence of the year, mainly due to the amount and distribution of rainfall during the year, when competitively stronger weed plants gain advantage in drier periods, when the shallow root system of grains can not sufficiently supply water with plants.
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Analýza druhového spektra plevelů ve vybraných plodinách v podmínkách ekologického zemědělství
Zatloukalová, Zuzana
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the species spectrum of weeds in organic farming. The literary part focuses on harmfulness, utility, regulation and classification of weeds. The second part deals with the field trial of hokaido and alfalfa shoots. The analysis was carried out on the land of Agrospol Hrádek Plus, the cooperative. The counting method was used for the assessment. On the basis of the evaluation, the influence of the previous crop was determined, the most common weeds in the crops were defined. We assessed the mechanical intervention when using the weft. In the alfalfa the most frequent occurrence of the bark beetle, the white eagle, the creeping beak. In the hokaido squirrel, the most frequent weeds were: Echinochloa cruss-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Cirsium arvense.
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