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Laboratory Diagnostics of Multiple Myeloma
ČERNÝ, Jakub
The bachelor thesis on the topic Laboratory diagnostics of multiple myeloma is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part I introduce the hematooncological disease multiple myeloma, its laboratory diagnostics, which include biochemical, hematological, immunological, genetic and histological tests. In addition, I also present other diagnostic methods - skeletal imaging (X-ray, CT, PET/CT). I also present other pathologies that are closely related to the problem and are associated with monoclonal gammopathy. At the end of the theoretical part I briefly inform about the treatment options for this disease. For the bachelor thesis 4 objectives were set. The first aim was to summarize the laboratory testing methods currently used to diagnose MM. The second aim was to map the diagnostic procedure for the first detection of MM using a specific patient as an example. The third aim was to highlight the variability of initial findings and disease course in the form of case reports. The fourth and final aim was to use data obtained from the Institute's own department (laboratory + haematology outpatient clinic) to answer several research questions. To achieve the results of the research investigation, quantitative research methods were used by retrospective analysis of available laboratory data from LIS. Qualitative research technique of data analysis was used to write individual case reports and complete patient diagnosis. In the discussion and in the conclusion of the bachelor thesis, the results of the research questions and the evaluation of the fulfilment of the stated objectives of the thesis are summarised. Finally, the expected contribution of the bachelor thesis in current laboratory and clinical diagnosis of the disease is mentioned.
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Complete differential diagnostics of monoklonal gammopathy
MERVARTOVÁ, Ivana
The aim of the thesisis a quantitative detection of the monoclonal paraprotein in patients serum, eventually a qualitative detection in urine in group of hematological pacients examined at the Department of clinical biochemistry in Hospital Písek a.s. with electrophoretic analytical method (ELFO) and its subsequent specification by immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). The quantification of free light chains (VLR), kappa and lambda, from the serum is made on some patients for more complex information, and it is made by immunoanalytic method. Futhermore immunoglobulins as well as values of albumin and values of total protein are quantitatively established in the serum, and these values can contribute to more precise diagnosis in case of finding of monoclonal components. From the stated hypothesis I conclude, that the patients with pathological values VLR and their ratios, which lead to diagnosis of the monoclonal gammopathy, will also have positive finding of monoclonal immunoglobulin on ELFO. The finding will be afterwards specified by IFE method and so the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy will be confirmed.
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Monoklonální gamapatie
ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ, Monika
The monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders associated with proliferation of clonal plasma cells producing monoclonal immunoglobulin proteins. Assessing serum levels of monoclonal proteins is an essential component of detecting and monitoring plasma cell proliferative disorders. The first part of this thesis provides a general overview that covers diagnosis and clinical features of some of the monoclonal gammopathies, particularly multiple myeloma. The second part was focused on investigating the utility of serum free light chains measurement in following the disease course in myeloma patients where monoclonal intact immunoglobulin was also present.
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Monoklonální bílkoviny u mnohočetného myelomu
LIDUCHOVÁ, Tereza
Multiple myeloma is a malignant cancer of plasma cells producing monoclonal immunoglobulins - paraproteins. It affects mainly older population. The basic method of determining this disease include protein electrophoresis and determination of free light chains. The practical part of my work is focused on monitoring response to chemotherapy in multiple myeloma paraprotein by the determination and the determination of free light chains and, also whether these two parameters give the same information or not.
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