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Vlastnosti povrchových vod v závislosti na charakteru krajinného pokryvu v malém povodí
VONDRÁŠEK, Vít
The present thesis covered statistical evaluation of the effect of the management method and the landscape cover on selected hydrochemical parameters of surface water. To obtain and evaluate the necessary data, a model zone was selected, located in the mountains of Novohradské hory. It consists of the upper and lower sub-basins of the stream of Bedřichovský potok, which is the left-hand tributary of the River Stropnice. The sub-basins differ in how management methods are practised locally. While the upper sub-basin generally consists of forests and permanent grasslands, the lower sub-basin has primarily arable land and, in some part, built-up areas. For this reason, it is possible to compare the two sub-basins and evaluate their effect on the selected parameters of surface water; these involved conductivity, concentration of unsuspended solids, total organic carbon concentration, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus. The results show and support a conclusion that surface waters in the lower sub basin, one that is utilised for agriculture, exhibit higher values of the parameters monitored than surface waters present in the upper sub-basin, one that features forest/grassland vegetation cover. It can be noted that arable land has a reduced retention capacity and is more prone to erosion due to its vegetation cover of lesser size; this is also the reason why it is not able to completely retain the desired substances on the agriculturally managed land. This results in deterioration of individual hydrochemical parameters in surface water, such as conductivity or nitrate nitrogen. The thesis is generally indicative of the importance of vegetation cover for the management of water in the landscape.
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The effect of past land-use on species diversity
Hubáčková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Chýlová, Tereza (referee)
This thesis is review of scientific studies on the effect of past land-use on species diversity. The aim of the thesis is to summarise knowledge of past land-use changes and their impact on plant communities and species diversity of grasslands. Those are mostly affected by human activities and have been used already for more than 8 000 years. In recent time, the agriculture has intensified, the main production is concentrated and marginal areas are abandoned. Many studies focus on spontaneous succession on these abandoned areas and the relationship between species diversity and past land-use. Their results suggest that current vegetation composition is mostly determined by habitat continuity rather than by recent land-use. In the last part of the thesis, I introduce the area of White Carpathian Mountains where my future research will be held. Key words: seminatural grasslands, historical management, biodiversity, past land-use changes, secondary succession
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