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Hmyzí škůdci slivoní v Bílých Karpatech
Borýsek, Daniel
The bachelor thesis focuses on plum pests that were studied in the village of Horní Němčí in the White Carpathians in 2022. The monitoring was carried out in a plum orchard on four plum varieties, medium to late Jojo, late Topend, very late Tophit and Haganta. The focus was on the Eurytoma schreineri which is considered an important pest in the area. The occurrence of Eurytoma schreineri was assessed by the number of infested stones and fruits. White glue plates were used to detect sawflies of genus Hoplocampa, and the infes-tation of plums by their larvae was assessed. The occurrence of wood pests was assessed by visual inspection of trees, and the occurrence of overwintering pests by inspection of twigs in early February. In addition to Eurytoma schreineri, the following pests were de-tected in the orchard: sawflies of genus Hoplocampa, Scolytus mali, Parthenolecanium cor-ni, Diaspidiotus pernicious and Panonychus ulmi. Occurrences above the pest threshold were recorded for the Parthenolecanium corni and the Diaspidiotus pernicious. Other pest species were found in low abundance. There were no significant differences in pest infes-tation among varieties. There was a slight trend towards higher infestation of very late varieties by the dark Eurytoma schreineri, Diaspidiotus perniciosus, Panonychus ulmi and sawflies of genus Hoplocampa.
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Antioxidanty ve vybraných odrůdách hrušní
Havlíčková, Barbora
The subject of this master´s thesis was primarily antioxidants in selected pear varieties. Among the pear varieties selected were European varieties ('Williams', 'Erica', 'Electra', 'Beta', 'Conference'), Asian varieties ('Kumoi', 'Ju Li', 'Nijiseiki', 'Shinko') and Asian-European hybrid variety 'Benita'. The content of individual antioxidants in the varieties was determined using the HPLC-MS/MS method. The resulting values were processed into graphs in the Excel program and statistically evaluated using the Statistica program. As part of the cluster analysis, the samples were divided into two groups based on the analysis of antioxidant content. The similarity of the 'Benita' variety hybrid to European varieties was also found. Using the PCA method, the data were divided into four groups. The highest content of total antioxidants was determined in the hybrid 'Benita' (2175,11 μg/g), on another hand, the lowest was in the European variety 'Williams' (277,73 μg/g). Some Asian varieties contained more antioxidants than European ones, while others contained less. It was found that the varieties analysed contained the most procyanidin b1/b2, while procyanidin c1 was not detected in any of the varieties. In the next part of the master´s thesis the development of the pear industry in the Czech Republic was monitored, where the development of the price level and harvest, the average yield, the consumption of pears per inhabitant of the Czech Republic, a foreign trade, a comparison of EU+UK production were monitored According to the obtained data, the 'Conference' variety and the 'Lucas' variety were the most cultivated in the Czech Republic. Annual consumption per person varied between 2,5-3 kg. Compared to the most other EU members and Great Britain, the pear production in the Czech Republic was low (4000-10000 tons/year).
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Porovnání vybraných odrůd pšenice podle jejich schopnosti regulovat a kompenzovat výnos v odlišném prostředí
Brtníková, Daniela
This diploma thesis presents the results of experiments monitored in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 growing seasons at three experimental locations in the Czech Republic. The chosen locations were Obora and Písky, which belong to the Žabčice Field Experi-ment Station, and the site in Prague-Ruzyna belong to the Plant Production Research Insti-tute, v. v. i. These locations are different mainly in terms of climate and soil conditions. The monitored varieties were Balitus, Bohemia, IS Conditor, RGT Sacramento, Tobak, Tonnage and Tybalt. For these varieties, yield components (number of spikes per m2, number of grains in spike and one thousand grain weight) were evaluated and their evaluation in rela-tion to the yield and harvest index together with the compensatory and self-regulating abili-ties of wheat. A statistically significant effect of variety, location and year was recorded for most of the evaluated parameters. The best-rated varieties for the monitored period were the Tonnage and Tobacco varieties, which achieved above-average yields and showed certain abilities of compensation and plasticity to growing conditions. On the contrary, the worst rated was the Bohemia variety, which, despite the high grain weight, achieved below-average yields compared to the other varieties.
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Response of potatoes to split application of nitrogen and plant auxiliaries
MICHALÍČEK, David
The aim of the diploma thesis wasto evaluate the yield of tubers and the share of starch in tubers in potato varieties with different growing seasons and to point out or refute the need for nitrogen during cultivation. Next, to focus on the effect of nitrogen fertilization on dry matter and starch content. It was a small plot experiment, which was based on the Valečov experimental station. Two varieties were selected for the experiment, the early and the semi-early ones. The first variant is a plant not fertilized with nitrogen. The other variant was fertilized before planting. In another variant, a split application of nitrogen was performed, and in the fourth variant, an auxiliary plant preparation was applied, supporting stolon growth and root formation. The experiment further records treatment and conditions during the growing season. Individual differences between the varieties were also recorded during the experiment. For variants 2 and 3, the effect of fertilization on the yield of potato tubers in both varieties was demonstrated. The yield also increased significantly in the variant with the use of an auxiliary preparation. The semi-early variety Antonia reacted best to the auxiliary herbal preparation and the early variety Colomba achieved the highest yield in the variant with foliar application of urea. Antonia recorded a yield of 58.4 t/ha for the control variant, 64.3 t/ha for the second variant and 66.9 t/ha for the third fertilizer before planting. The variant with an auxiliary product then recorded a yield of 68.53 t/ha, which was a higher yield compared to the control variant by 10.1 t/ha. For the very early Colomba variety, the yields for the variant without fertilization were 66.14 t/ha, variant No. 2 then 83.18 t/ha, the variant with fertilization before planting recorded a yield of 79.26 t/ha and the variant with auxiliary product 78.85 t/ha. The differences between the fertilized variants during the growing season were 4.23 t/ha for the Antonia variety in favor of the auxiliary plant preparation. For the Colomba variety, the difference was 4.33 t/ha in favor of the urea variant. At the same time, the size ratio of the tubers also changed. In the case of the Antonia variety, there was a decrease in starch content in the fertilized variants, but in the case of the Colomba variety, the decrease was not confirmed in all variants.
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Reaction of selected potato varieties to single and split application of nitrogen
MICHALÍČEK, David
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to evaluate the response of varieties with different lengths of vegetation to single and divided doses of nitrogen in potato growing. To point out the effect of nitrogen on tuber yield. The results of the experiment also consider the technology of cultivation, treatment and conditions during the vegetation. The work also records individual differences between varieties and starchy of tubers. The experiment was performed on a plot of land near Havlíčkův Brod near the experimental station in Valečov. Two variants of varieties with different vegetation times were selected for the experiment. The plot was divided into three variants of nitrogen application in three replicates. In the first variant, which was not fertilized with nitrogen, there was no high yield, but in the second variant, which was fertilized with nitrogen before and during vegetation, and in the third variant with fertilization before vegetation, the increase in yield was noticeable for selected varieties. At the same time, there were different values in determining the proportion of starch in tubers.
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The barley growing and quality in the Czech Republic 1990-2018
MACHALOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis describes growing of spring malting barley in the Czech Republic in the years 1990 to 2018. Spring barley is the second most grown cereal and important crop. This thesis contains basic biological characteristics, farming technology, sowed areas and quality of the spring barley in the period of time. Also changes that include in this time period. Other chapters describes a history and present time of varieties malting barley and as well at their rating and appropriateness for a malt production as one of the main raw material for beer production.
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The influence of nitrogen fertilization on malting quality of spring barley
PECA, Tomáš
The bachelor's thesis presents the results of an experiment with spring barley. The experiment was established in 2016 in the business of Bc. Jiří Nepovím in Opatovice, region of Světlá nad Sázavou. The experimental cultivar of spring barley was Laudis 550. The subject matter of the experiment was intensificated dosage of nitrogen and its effect on yield and qualitative elements. The experimental dosages of nitrogen were set on 60 kg.ha-1, 90 kg.ha-1 and 120 kg.ha-1. Once the dosage was increased by 30 kg.ha-1, the content of nitrogen substances in the grain increased of 0,9 % and proved to be by 0,5 t.ha-1 higher in the total yield
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Characteristics of cultivar composition of lupine in the Czech Republic
VOKURKA, Ondřej
This work deals through the method of library research with the current state and options of lupines growing in the Czech Republic, with a closer look on their cultivar composition. Initial characterisation of the vast genus Lupinus and chapters about history, contemporary significance and utilisation of lupine are followed by detailed botanical description of cultural species of this genus. Special attention is given to the growing season, as it is a significant factor that influences the potential of lupines growing in the Czech Republic. The following chapters deal with necessary facts about the habitat requirements of particular lupine species and the agrotechnical principles followed when growing lupines. Then the particular species are examined according to their significance, botanical description and environmental demands. The research concludes with a sketch of the breeding trends and characterisation of the available cultivar composition, including description of lupine varieties currently registered in the Czech Republic.
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