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Variation in dragonfly wing venation with application of geometric morphometrics (Insecta: Odonata)
Přibylová, Petra ; Prokop, Jakub (advisor) ; Růžička, Jan (referee)
The pattern of wing venation in dragonflies (Odonata) bears a set of characters commonly used in systematics. The aim of this thesis is to identify the wing venation variability of dragonflies by various methods of geometric morphometric. The wing venation variability was examined on the level of suborder, family, species and also in respect to dimorphism through the principal component analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) and centroid size. Data set consisting of images of 46 dragonfly species, belonging to 43 genera and 24 families was obtained from institutional entomological collections. The research carried out that Zygoptera have a large variety of wing contours. The wing venation variability of Epiprocta is shown primarily in the costa and node area. Between sexes there is no noticeable difference in shape or structure of the wing. The ratio between wing length and width and the pterostigma shape is dependent on dragonfly body size. Key words: Odonatoptera, Odonata, Epiprocta, Zygoptera, wing venation, variability, geometric morphometrics
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Variability of the IRES elements of the hepatatis C virus
Zeman, Jakub ; Vopálenský, Václav (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has an internal ribosomal binding site (IRES) located near the 5ʹ end of its genome. The HCV IRES is capable of direct binding to the 40S small ribosomal unit and eukaryotic initiation factor eIF3, and can initiate translation after the assembly of the whole 80S ribosome. Various molecular types can act as IRES inhibitors. Small molecule compounds seem to be the most promising agent for use in the clinic. The main objective of the thesis was to develop a system for searching for small molecule compound inhibitors of HCV IRES in a library of chemical compounds. Several variants of vector carrying bicistronic cassettes were prepared. After validating their functionality by transient transfection of mammalian cell cultures, mammalian stable cell lines were established. These stable cell lines will allow for automatization of the search for small molecule compound inhibitors of HCV IRES. Our second objective was to study the variability of HCV IRES sequences in patient samples. The samples were analysed by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). Select specimen were sequenced, cloned into a vector with bicistronic cassette and analysed by flow cytometry. In this was we evaluated the effect of specific mutations in the HCV IRES sequence on the level of IRES dependent...
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Reception od Darwin in biology
Richter, Jiří ; Markoš, Anton (advisor) ; Flegr, Jaroslav (referee)
Reception of Darwin in biology conveys a story of evolutionary biology with emphasis on the divergent reception of Charles Darwin's theories by biologists in the past 150 years. Given the influence of Darwin's thought, a unique tradition has emerged in the scientific field. Every fifty years starting from the publishing of The Origin of Species, scientists gather to celebrate Charles Darwin as a thinker and a person. An immense amount of literature on Darwin and evolutionary biology has been produced by authors and publishers worldwide, thus the recurring commemorative events provide a fine start to the historical survey of Darwinism and are used as such in Reception of Darwin in biology.
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Variability of Execution Environments for Component-based Systems
Malohlava, Michal ; Bureš, Tomáš (advisor) ; Racek, Stanislav (referee) ; Duchien, Laurence (referee)
Reuse is considered as one of the most crucial software engineering concerns. It allows for delivering software systems faster with less effort. Therefore, the thesis explores limits of reuse in the context of component systems. It analyzes in depth contemporary component systems, finds their commonalities and variation points, and introduces a meta-component system -- a software product line which allows for producing a tailored component system based on a set of requirements. The thesis addresses the meta-component system definition and focuses on its crucial aspects which play the key role in component systems preparation- (1) a configurable execution environment and (2) generation of implementation artifacts. To address the first aspect, the thesis proposes a model-driven method for creating configurable execution environments. Motivated by creating execution environments, the thesis contributes to (2) by introducing a notion of domain-specific languages interoperability in the context of the code generation. Furthermore, the thesis elaborates the proposed notion resulting into a family of interoperable domain-specific languages which is parametrized by a general purpose language.
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Design of Experiment for Non-Stationary Processes of Production
Jadrná, Monika ; Macák, Tomáš (advisor)
The doctoral thesis is concerned with the services sector and the area of mass production. Particularly, the optimization of the product portfolio of the travel agency and the optimization of production rounds of ammunition.
The theoretical part deals with the current overview of discussed topic. Further, the terminology and methods of the decision-making process are defined to support decision making. The theoretical basis of research focused on the choice of appropriate input variables in the area of services, and on the choice of a particular material option in the production area and appropriate equipment for the production. The theoretical part forms the basis for the practical part of the thesis.
For the doctoral thesis was chosen an enterprise operating in the defined sector. Product portfolio for the services sector is optimised using Fuzzy logic and Fuzzy sets so that the enterprise can maintain its competitiveness in todays highly ambitious market. Product portfolio for manufacture is optimised for achieving desired properties of the product.
The main aim of the thesis is to propose a new methodological approach for the management of selected business processes in their nonstationary time course. The aim of the practical implementation is to verify the functionality of the proposed methodological approach, both in the area of services and in the field of mass production.
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Impact of Silvicultural Measures on Some Mechanical Wood Properties of Scots Pine
Schönfelder, Ondřej ; Zeidler, Aleš (advisor) ; Bílek, Lukáš (referee)
The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of silvicultural measures on selected mechanical properties of Scots pine of the area Doksy and Plasy. Each area is characterized by growths that are typical for the locality. From areas Doksy were selected 3 stands and 2 from Plasy region. For each crop were chosen representative of the trees that were cut down, and testing material was produced. On test samples was determined density at 12 % level moisture, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, toughness and compression strength in the fiber direction. All tests were carried out by standardized procedures. Using statistical methods, it was found that a statistically significant value of compared areas were only in the density. The others properties which were examined in the areas are statistically insignificant. However, when assessing individual stands with ANOVA was generally for the most of properties found statistically significant difference. This suggests that the pine wood properties are dependent on location. In horizontal plane strain was found a statistical significance for all of the tested characteristics. That shows that the position of the wood in the stem has impact on the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the individual results were evaluated in terms of dependence on the density. Which resulted in the majority of cases middle to high dependency.
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Selected Physical Wood Properties of Douglas Fir from Sites in the Czech Republic
Chvojka, Jan ; Zeidler, Aleš (advisor) ; Podrázský, Vilém (referee)
This diploma thesis was created to evaluate of selected physical properties, density and shrinkage of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii / Mirbel / FRANCO) wood, coming from areas of Lesy města Písku, s.r.o. and the territory of School Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy of Czech University of Life Sciences. The work tested density and shrinkage, their subsequent comparison with native species and the relevant data from the regions of original distribution of these species. It was also assessed if these physical properties are affected by location of growth or if they vary between individual trees and what is the effect of horizontal or vertical position in a stem on the tested values. It was shown that the density reaches higher values than our native trees. It was found that location of growth or individual trees have influence on the tested properties. The value of density is decreasing with growing height of the tree and increasing with growing distance from the center of the tree. Shrinkage in tangential direction was lower in comparison with Scotch pine, but higher in radial direction. Volumetric shrinkage reached lower values than Scotch pine.
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Selected Mechanical Wood Properties of Douglas Fir from Sites in the Czech Republic
Pilař, Ondřej ; Zeidler, Aleš (advisor) ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee)
Abstract
Introduced tree species are still undoubtedly, despite the current short-term politico-economic and environmental turbulences, an object of interest of the Czech forestry sector. Worldwide the most important tree species, and thus both in the areas
of its original extension and in the large regions where it was successfully introduced,
is the Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), which is considered as one of the most perspective tree species. Information about the quality of its wood from our territory
is missing for the time being.
That´s why the aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of Douglas fir wood from different regions of the Czech Republic through selected mechanical properties. Especially the compressive strength, impact strength, flexural modulus and flexural strength were determined by standardized procedures. As well as, the variability
of the trunk features and that one of the locality were taken in consideration.
The final results of the mechanical features compared with the values measured on the wood from the original extension areas are better in compression strength, similar in flexural strength and slightly worse in the flexural modulus.
Comparing the resultant values of Douglas fir with the values of domestic spruce, the Douglas fir shows better values, apart from the values of flexural modulus, which are higher in case of the spruce.
A statistically significant difference between the location and the measured feature is demonstrated only in the elastic modulus and density. At the variability
in frame of the trunk there was found a statistically significant difference between
the vertical and horizontal position of the trunk and all the measured features. At the same time, the value of the measured feature increases together with increasing position from the pulp.
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