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Contribution and cooperation of the Army of the Czech Republic during the Covid-19 pandemic in the work of general nurses
PAVLOVIČOVÁ, Adéla
The aim of this diploma thesis was to map the scope of cooperation between members of the AČR and general nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic. Another goal was to find out if the general nurses were satisfied with the mentioned cooperation, and also to map the experiences of the general nurses with the deployment of soldiers in hospital inpatient wards. The theoretical part deals with a detailed description of key terms that are still related to the research part. Above all, attention is paid here to the disease Covid-19, its clinical picture and the possibilities of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Key terms such as general nurse or pandemic are also explained. We also focus on the specifics of the work of general nurses in hospitals during the pandemic. Another of the main chapters focuses on the Army of the Czech Republic and the ways in which it fought against the mentioned infectious disease. It describes not only the help provided by its members in social and hospital facilities, but also help to the components of the integrated rescue system and other ways of its involvement. In the empirical part, a research investigation was carried out in a qualitative form using the in-depth interview method. The research group consisted of a total of fifteen general nurses who work in two different hospitals on inpatient wards. All of them collaborated with members of the ACR during the pandemic, which represents the basic building block of this entire research. Before the actual research was carried out, a pre-research was also carried out, which mainly served to verify the comprehensibility of the individual questions in the interview. After the consent of the informants, the interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed in Microsoft Word by the author of the thesis. The obtained information was carefully read and, as needed, categorized and reduced into created categories and subcategories, which are schematically shown in the results chapter. The obtained results show that the members of the ACR cooperated both with general nurses and with other members of the nursing team. Most often, it was auxiliary work, such as helping with morning hygiene, anti-decubitus care, assistance with meals, etc. The general nurses explained what the soldiers were most beneficial to them, but also described the tasks that were problematic activities for the soldiers. General nurses also described in detail the experiences they gained from this collaboration, and stated both positive and negative opinions and comments about this collaboration. The work also includes recommended changes in case another wave of the Covid-19 pandemic follows. In the discussion chapter, the obtained results of the empirical part are then compared with professional literature and global database articles.
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Cultural competences of home care nurses
RÁSOCHOVÁ, Marie
The diploma thesis themed as the "Cultural Competences of Nurses in Home Care Agencies" is aimed at mapping a level of cultural competences of nurses in home care agencies. On basis of the objective stipulated in advance, two research questions were formed: What is the extent of cultural competences of nurses and what the nurses' particular cultural challenges exist in such home care agencies? Qualitative research methodology was applied in the empirical part of the diploma thesis. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview which was created in collaboration with a group of researchers participating in the Project Research Grant No. GAJU 046/2021/S. The research file consisted of eleven (11) nurses working in home care agencies. The interview acquired were processed by means of coding resulting in five (5) categories and 16 sub-categories generated. It is apparent from the research results that nurses in home care provide patients with a highly individualized care which fully meets conditions set up by the cultural competence care. Simultaneously, certain weaknesses were detected standing ahead of nurses as a form of challenges. For instance, it is a language barrier and an interpreter being engaged in the patients' care in home care, quality improvement of lifelong education and training for nurses in home care and an inclusion of the critical reflexion in the nurses' jobs. It was also disclosed that nurses are challenged by the technical handling of their work in home environment of their patients. In terms of the results, it is evident that medical facilities are facing with the challenge of how to increase the efficiency of information transfer within individual subjects of the care provision, and thus to improve possibilities of nurses' preparation for their clients' visits. The diploma thesis can be exploited to intensify the quality and efficiency in the care for clients originated from diverse cultures, and moreover as the grounds for further research activities and progress and development in nursing.
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Cultural competences of nurses in intensive nursing care
BALOUNOVÁ, Lucie
The goal of this thesis with the name "Cultural Competence of Nurses in Intensive Nursing Care" is to analyze the cultural competence of intensive nursing care. Based on this topic, two questions have been created: "What is the cultural competence of nurses in intensive nursing care" and "Which cultural challenges do nurses face in intensive nursing care?" The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the characteristics of multicultural nursing care, defining basic concepts that are associated with this topic. It also describes various nursing care models about multicultural nursing care, along with communication and the challenges associated with specific minorities. There is also a chapter that focuses on the characteristics of intensive care and the specifics of communication with patients. The empirical part of this thesis was written in a qualitative form, comprising of interviews that gathered data based on thirty-two questions and a few sub-questions. The introduction had three questions collecting personal information of the interviewees, then another twenty-nine questions followed with thirteen sub-questions that focused on the nursing care of patients of minority groups, the specifics of transcultural nursing care, educating nurses about this topic and how much experience did they have with this topic. If necessary, further questions were asked. The whole interview was done so that it would be able to provide answers to our study questions that were made ahead of time and to also provide a picture of how nurses handle intensive care in patients of minority groups. We asked a total of ten general nurses who at the time of this study worked in intensive care, either at a department of anesthesiology and resuscitation, intensive care department or intermediate care. The interviews were then processed with open code and coloring text. In order to make the results of the study easier to understand, they have been divided and presented into four categories and ten subcategories. The categories clearly describe the experiences and thoughts of nurses. The results provide a holistic view on transcultural nursing care in intensive care. Based on this study, transcultural nursing care is becoming even more significant in today's society and it is important to not just focus on the education of nurses regarding this topic, but also to teach foreign languages, because language barriers are one of the most common obstacles nurses must face. This work may serve as educational material not just for students of healthcare professions, but also for nurses working in intensive care. The results alone point to shortcomings and problems associated with providing a culturally competent care and may contribute to improving this specific topic.
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Nové trendy prevence infekcí spojených se zdravotní péčí v ošetřovatelské praxi
KRAUSE, Martin
The aim of the dissertation thesis was to find out risky objects and surfaces used in the provision of nursing care in terms of transmission of healthcare associated infections. Another aim was to find out the current state of knowledge of nurses about the disinfection of objects and surfaces in the provision of nursing care. The last aim was to find out the microbial efficiency of nanomaterial applied to selected objects and surfaces in nursing practice. The research was carried out at a selected provider of health services, i.e. a regional hospital. The aims were achieved using a qualitative and a quantitative research methods. Part of the research was carried out with financial support within the student grant competition. In the first part of the research, risky objects and surfaces that are used in the provision of nursing care at standard departments of the selected hospital were identified by qualitative research using the technique of unstructured observation. In the second part of the research, the knowledge of nurses working in the departments of internal medicine and surgery in the principles of disinfection was found out by quantitative research using the questionnaire technique. Based on the results of the research, it was found out that the level of achieved knowledge depends on education, period of practice, age and department. However, knowledge is limited in some areas. In the third part of the research, the microbial efficiency of the nanomaterial applied to selected objects and surfaces (kidney dish, tray and box used to store medical material) was found out by quantitative research using an experiment. Based on the research results, it was found out that selected objects and surfaces with nanomaterial (antibacterial and hydrophobic nanolayer) showed bacterial contamination, i.e. it was not possible to demonstrate a statistically significant difference between bacterial contamination of objects and surfaces with and without nanomaterial. Further analysis revealed that, for example, kidney dishes would be contaminated with bacteria in 31.3% or trays in 38.1%. It was also found out that some objects and surfaces were also contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae or Serratia rubidaea. The results show that adherence to decontamination of objects and surfaces, especially high touch objects and surfaces, it is important to pay attention at all times, to improve knowledge and skills of nurses involved in providing care to patients and seek new ways to implement preventive measures to minimize transmission of healthcare associated infections. The dissertation thesis thus provides an insight into the prevention of healthcare associated infections problematics in the context of the use of reusable high touch objects and surfaces requiring chemical disinfection in the provision of nursing care. It also provides evidence for compliance with binding hygienic-epidemiological measures and verification of new possibilities for reducing the risk of transmission of healthcare associated infections. The dissertation thesis is beneficial in the field of education, practice, but also for further research in this problematics.
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Adaptation process in Intensive Care Units from the point of view of general nurses
ŠUBRTOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce the intensive care unit, the adaptation process and the analysis of the adaptation process in intensive care units. The theoretical part of the thesis describes intensive care in general, including the history, employee structures, division of the providing care, the national register of intensive care, the education of nurses, or the equipment of such a workplace. Furthermore, the adaptation process is described, which is the main topic of this work. It is described along with its types, phases, course in health care and methodological instructions. Coaching, mentoring, communication and, motivation, which are also an important part of the adaptation process, are introduced as well. The research part is realized in the form of semi-structured interviews with respondents working in intensive care as trainers who are involved in the training of new employees in the adaptation process and with employees who have completed the training. Based on the data obtained from the informants involved in the research survey, the categorization of the data was done, in which the results are described in detail. The thesis presents the views of nurses on the adaptation process taking place in their workplace. It also points out the deficiencies and areas that need to be given increased attention in the adaptation process. These are the areas of communication and continuous evaluation of the adaptation process, documentation and teaching materials, the area of the necessary time and space for training, motivation in the adaptation process and also the area of the team's influence on the new employee, and so, on the whole adaptation process.
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Nurse's role in surgical site infection prevention in orthopedics
STRNADOVÁ, Iveta
My thesis is devoted to setting of boundaries for nurse's role in surgical site infection prevention in orthopedics. Surgical site infection is current subject in surgery. Description of historical evolution, characteristics and infection selection in theoretical part of thesis is based on actuality and numerous occurrences of infections. Risk factors leading to SSI were also described and we targeted them more specifically on presence in pre surgical, inter surgical and past surgical period. Description of the origin, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and consequences of SSI was also made for setting the point and completion of this problematics. Nurse's role in preventive measures is mentioned in special part in theoretical part of thesis. More specifically it is nurses role in pre surgical, inter surgical and post surgical period related to growth of SSI. Objective of research part was to chart nurse's role in SSI. Our intentions were specifically on activities in pre surgical and post surgical period. The empirical part of the diploma thesis took place through a qualitative research survey. The technique of the work was a semi structured interview with nurses working in wards dealing with patients with surgical site infections. Thirty two nurses from hospitals in Liberec and South Bohemian regions were taking part in interview. All of interviews were realized in February and March 2021. Results were all recorded on audio recorders and recordings were then rewritten and processed with paper pen technique. During the qualitative investigation, it was found that all nurses meet in their practice with patients suffering from, among other things, surgical site infections. With these patients, nurses perform preventive activities mainly in pre surgical and post surgical period. In their preventive activities, nurses are using available resources, habits of their department and knowledge that they have at place of surgical site infections. Meanwhile there is somewhat unity in ATB prophylaxis, in the area of preoperative preparation recommendations may vary, or are sometimes missing. This fact is then also reflected in clinical practice. Nurses are following rules of barrier nursing care and also they know and use modern trends in wound care. The nurses also demonstrated their knowledge in the field of monitoring the development of infections at the site of surgery in the postoperative period. The empirical investigation of the thesis tells us that nurses meet patients suffering from, among other things, with surgical site infections while providing nursing care. They know basic activities used to prevent it's spreading especially in preoperative and postoperative period which they apply in their clinical practice.
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Risks of infection for nurses at the department of internal medicine
JIRÁČKOVÁ, Anna
This bachelor's thesis addresses infectious diseases, especially their risk of transmission, to which nurses are exposed in the exercise of their profession. The thesis is divided into two parts, the first theoretical part describes the issue of professional infections and health care associated infections, including hygienic-epidemiological measures. The second empirical part, it contains both qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative data collection was carried out through interviews and covert observations with several members of the sister staff. For the qualitative investigation, research questions were established. What are the risks of transmitting infectious diseases in nurses working in an internal department? How do nurses prevent the development of infectious diseases in the department of the internal type? How do nurses follow preventive measures for the risk of transmission of infectious diseases to an internal type department? On the contrary, quantitative research was carried out using a questionnaire survey involving 206 respondents from the general public. Hypotheses were established together with the objective for quantitative research. The perception of the risk of transmission of infectious diseases in nurses working in an internal department varies according to the age of the lay public. The perception of the risk of transmission of infectious diseases in nurses working in an internal department varies according to the experience of the general public with nursing care. The results showed that nurses are at considerable risk of transmitting infectious diseases, with most adhering to preventive measures. The results of the quantitative examination show that older respondents perceive the risk of transmission of infection as higher than respondents at a younger age. On the contrary, the experience of respondents with nursing care has no effect on the perception of the risk of transmission of infectious diseases. The results of the work can highlight what activities and procedures in nursing care need to be put more emphasis on. The opinion of the lay public allows a more comprehensive view of the issue, nurses can also gain a higher motivation for the performance of their profession thanks to feedback from society.
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Nursing student's motivation toward a university education
BLECHOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor's thesis deals with nursing student's motivation toward a university education. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part has four parts. The first part explains nursing, the nurse profession and its prestige, and nursing companies. The second part is dedicated to the history of nursing in the Czech Republic and abroad. The third part describes the current education of nurses, legislation, pre-gradual and post-gradual studies, lifelong education, and nurses' competence. The last part is focused on the definition of motivation, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, motivation to work and study, and work satisfaction of health workers. In the practical part, qualitative research was used. The method of a semi-structured interview was used. The interview included 28 questions. In total, 10 females studying general nursing from different faculties were interviewed. The requirements for the interview were a high school diploma, enrollment in the university, and agreement to give the interview which was taken online. Afterward, the interviews were rewritten, printed, and processed manually. The conclusions were divided into 4 categories and 20 subcategories. The research aimed to map reasons for a decision to major in general nursing, learn about expectations about the education, and gather opinions on the current educational system. The research showed that 5 out of 10 students are motivated by an increase in competence and knowledge. In addition, recognition from others, increase in independence, university degree, higher financial evaluation, or external motivation were considered as highly motivating. Further, the students were mostly expecting to gain knowledge and learn new skills. Similarly, 9 out of 10 students think that university education is important. This thesis summarises the motivation, experience, opinions, and level of satisfaction of female students. This thesis tries to bring a closer look at the profession of general nurse and also, to inform potential candidates interested in the general nursing major. This thesis can also provide universities with feedback on the level of satisfaction of students with their academic studies.
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Strategy how to deal with a fear before surgery
ROSOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with the strategies that the nurse uses in her practice to alleviate preoperative fear in patients. Waiting for surgery or being taken to the operating room can be stressful events for the patient. The overall mental state of the patient has a significant effect on the postoperative outcome, especially on the length of hospitalization or infection. The aim of the research was to find out patients' expectations from nurses and their attitude to nursing interventions to manage fear, factors influencing patients' fear, communication techniques of nurses and information that nurses provide to patients in the preoperative period. The research was carried out using a qualitative method, the technique of semi-structured interviews. The obtained data was analyzed by the technique of open coding with subsequent division into categories and subcategories. The research sample consisted of two groups of respondents. The first research sample was general nurses working in the surgical department. The second research sample consisted of patients who were hospitalized in the surgical department due to surgery. 21 open-ended questions were used to interview general nurses, focusing on information provided by the general nurse in the preoperative period, measures related to the COVID 19 pandemic and their impact on preoperative preparation, but also on nurse interventions used to alleviate patients' fears. 24 open-ended questions were used to interview patients, focusing on the impact of the hospital environment, factors affecting the patient's fear, awareness in the preoperative period, or COVID 19 measures and their effects on the patient. The results of the research survey showed that medical staff, the family and the hospital environment have a major impact on reducing fear. For the interviewed patients, the approach of general nurses, the influence of co-patients, the family and awareness have an irreplaceable role in reducing preoperative fear. The interviewed nurses consider the most important intervention to be an individual and empathic approach, proper education with an explanation of all risks. They use educational cards or notice boards for education. Measuring fear instruments are not used in practice. The patient's expressed confidence in the medical staff has a fundamental effect on reducing preoperative fear. The output of the work is the creation of a new scale for measuring preoperative fear. This scale should very easily and quickly find out how much fear the patient is experiencing.
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