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Vliv věku při prvním otelení na užitkovost a dlouhověkost dojnic
DRÁB, Zdeněk
The main significance of the diploma thesis was to evaluate in a clear form the influence of the level of heifer rearing and age at the first calving on the performance and longevity of dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle in the herd of Agro Kunčina a.s. Data of 390 dairy cows for the last five years were used. The data obtained were sorted according to key indicators, namely age at first calving, age at weaning, performance at first lactation, lifetime performance, milk content, order of lactation and causes of weaning. The available statistical methods were used to evaluate the effect of age at first calving on performance, longevity, causes of exclusion and content of milk components..
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Vliv živé hmotnosti jalovic v průběhu odchovu na mléčnou užitkovost dojnic českého strakatého skotu
SOKELOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate the influence of live weight in the course in rearing heifers on milk yield Fleckvieh in economically squad Určice. 420 cows of Czech Fleckvieh breed in period of 5 years (2011-2016) were evaluated. Body weight of heifers was determined by bridging the transition from individual business records to the age of 3, 6, 12 and 15 month. The influence of bodyweight heifers during rearing on the usability and functional length were evaluated, as well as the effect of the age at first calving on milk yield and functional longevity. Last but not least were determined the most common causes of retirement of cattle from the herd. No significant effects of rearing of heifers on dairy milk yield or the longevity of cows were detected.
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Vybrané vlivy na reprodukci u stáda holštýnského skotu
KOZÁKOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of the work was to elaborate a literary review of the characteristics, reproductive properties of Holstein cattle and influences affecting the reproduction of cattle. Another objective of the work was to evaluate the selected influences on their reproduction in a group of selected dairy cows from the monitored cattle herd. The data were processed and sorted by genotype, level of milk performance, parity, length of dry period, length of insemination interval, difficulty of calving, age of the first calving and synchronization of estrous (Ovsynch). In evaluating the effect of the genotype on reproductive parameters, there were no statistically significant differences between purebred Holstein cows (H100) and crosses (H50-88C). In addition, the effect of milk yield on lactation on reproductive performance was evaluated. The results showed that with increasing performance, the values of reproduction indicators (insemination index, insemination interval and period service) have increased. The statistically lowest insemination index (1.70) and insemination interval (96 days) were detected in cows with a yield up to 8,000 kg. The service period (122 days) was conclusively the lowest in a cow group with a yield of 8,001 to 10,000 kg lactating milk. In contrast, the highest conclusive values of the insemination index, interval and period service were detected in a group of dairy cows with a yield above 12,001 kg of milk. It is further evident from the results that the values of the pregnancy rate after the first insemination increased with the increasing level of milk performance. The lowest value (27.14%) was detected in the group with the highest milk yield (over 12,001 kg of milk). There were no significant differences between the different groups of dairy cows in the evaluation of the influence of parity on the reproduction indicators. Furthermore, the influence of length of dry period was evaluated. The average dry period in the monitored herd was 69 days. The pregnancy rate after the first insemination was better for the group with a dry period over 61 days (40.38%). On the other hand, periods of service and days open values were lower in dairy cows with a dry period less than 60 days (119 and 394 days respectively). The length of uterine involution was also monitored by the length of insemination interval. Most cows in the monitored group of dairy cows (25.29%) were first inseminated 66th - 87th day after calving. No statistically significant differences were detected in the assessment of the age of the 1st calving and the severity of births on reproductive parameters. The use of controlled reproduction methods (Ovsynch) was also monitored and applied only in the case of reproductive disorders of dairy cows. In the monitored period, Ovsynch was used in only 10 dairy cows and the average service period was 140 days.
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Evaluation of selected impacts of elimination and longevity of dairy cows
VLACHOVÁ, Iva
The aim of this thesi is the evaluation of selected impacts of elimination and longevity of Holstein and Czech spotted dairy cows on the Ing. Bohuslav Vacka´s farm in Vrchotovy Janovice according to the reason of this elimination, the age at the first calving, milk production of the first milk lactation, lifetime milk lactation and the number of milk lactation during the lifetime. I also evaluated functional longevity (from the first calving to retirement) and the longevity of life (from the birth to retirement) of retired dairy cows and the relationship between age at the first calving, milk production of the first lactation and lifetime milk production. In monitoring were included 359 pieces of cows eliminated during five years, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. From these, 217 pieces of Holstein cows and 142 pieces of Czech spotted cows. Both breeds were stalled in the same barn with the same nutrition. At the monitored group were eliminated altogether 31.22% of dairy cows. Holstein cows were excluded very often from other medical reasons (28.57%) and the Czech spotted cows for fertility disorders (45.77%). Higher milk productivity and higher average number of lactations for the life reached eliminated Holstein cows in comparison with the Czech spotted cows. Longer lifetime longevity reached Holstein cows (63 months) than Czech spotted cows (53.6 months) and among them was found highly significant difference at a significance level of p 0,001. Higher longevity and lifetime milk production in kg of milk reached Holstein cows calved in 25 to 26 months and Czech spotted cows calved within 27 to 28 months. The relationship between age at the first calving and lifetime milk production at Holstein (r = 0.018) and Czech spotted cows (r = 0.0434) proved to be an insignificant dependence and the relationship between milk production at the first lactation and lifetime milk production at Holstein (r = 0.3317) and Czech spotted cows (r = 0.4436) proved to be as a highly significant correlation (p 0.001).
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The Comparison of Milk Yield of Milked Breed Cradlet in the same Conditions
NEZBEDOVÁ, Marie
Nowadays it is hard to maintain the profitability in cattle farming in the Czech Republic. The price of a liter of milk is not stable and and input costs have an increasing tendency. It is necessary to reduce input costs to maintain a good economy of milk production and the emphasis is on increasing milk production. There is also a decline in dairy cows, the herd replacement increases and the reproductive characteristics of dairy cows worsens. A very important component participating in the milk production is sufficient and quality nutrition This bachelor thesis analyzes the influences on milk production of Czech Fleckvieh cattle and Holstein cattle. The aim of this work was to develop a detailed survey of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cattle. Furthermore, the importance of cattle farming, utility types of cattle. An integral part of the literature review are influences that affect milk production in kg and also on the content of milk constituents, in particular the fat content and protein. Another part of the work is the statistical analysis of chosen influences on milk production and milk components. Among the selected factors are breed, age at first calving, lactation length, level of production during the first inspection of first calving performance. The outcomes were evaluated in the company ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník and values needed for analysis were obtained from reports of performance tests. During the watching of milk yield of dairy cows in the monitored file related to the breed, it was found that the total average milk yield in the monitored file Holstein cows reaches the level of 8743 kg of milk, with an average 3.66% fat and 3.43% proteins. Czech Fleckvieh cows gived 7005 kg of milk with 3.92% fat and 3.53% proteins. In comparison with T-test in was found a statistically significant difference between breeds in milk production only in the third lactation (P <0.001). There was a significant difference between breeds in fat content (P <0.01) in the second lactation. The effect of age at first calving on milk yield in first lactation was not confirmed at Holstein cows. The biggest group of the utility was achieved at cows calving aged> 28 months. Statistically significant differences were found only for protein content and for groups calving to 22-24 months and groups of 25-27 months (P <0.01). For the Czech Fleckvieh cows the highest milk yield of dairy cows reached calving group aged 22 to 24 months (6947 kg of milk). In evaluation of the impact lactation length on the average daily milk production per standard lactation and full lactation results were significant for groups of cows with lactation length 401-500 and over 500 days of lactation (P <0.01). For the Czech Fleckvieh cows the difference was only detected in the group of 401 to 500 days of lactation. Correlation analysis of both breeds showed that is possible based on the values found during the first inspection the of the utility after calving perform negative selection (Rxy= 0,632, P <0.001)
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Vliv vybraných faktorů na užitkovost a dlouhověkost dojnic u stáda českého strakatého skotu
KŮSOVÁ, Hedvika
The aim of this study was to evaluate of selected factors on milking yeild and longevity of Czech Fleckvieh cattle. There were monitored the indicators of the amount of milk for the first lactation in kg, the lifetime performance in kg, the age at the first calving, the functional longevity in days, the lenght of the service period, the lenght of the meantime days, the live weight in kg, the elimination of the causes from the breed. 273 culled cows were included. The relationship between some of the observed factors were signifiant such as the amount of milk yeild on the first lactation and the lifetime performance. In the opposite, there was no signifiant relationship between the age at the first calving and the functional longevity. The milk performance at first calving has been increasing with the age.
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Analysis of milk production and fertility in dairy herd of Holstein cattle
VONA, Barbora
Bachelor thesis analyzes the milk yield and fertility of dairy cows in a herd of Holsteins and the factors that influence these indicators. Reproductive disorders and problems with fertilisation osten occur in breeding of high-yield dairy cows resulting in economic loss in milk production. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate selected impacts on milk production and reproduction at the level of the selected file. Evaluated the effects were genotype and age at first calving. Another significant outcome of this thesis was to assess whether a selected group of Holstein cows meets the requirements of selected breeding goal Holsteins. Analysis of selected data held in the company DZV Nova as, on a farm VKK Petrovice. Selected cows were divided into groups based on genotype and age at first calving. For testing the effect of genotype showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in milk yield between genotypes. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between reproductive indicators, both between lactations, and in the case of insemination interval also the overall result. For further tested the effects were not statistically significant differences between the groups, but the resulting data is valuable to the zootechnical.
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Milk production comparison of the Holstein and Czech Mottled cattle in the same breeding conditions
KOTOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of the work was processing a literary overview of the Holstein and Czech Mottled cattle. Next one was processing and evaluation of selected influences first calving age, lactation order, genotype, and pedigree on milk yield of cattle breeds kept in the same conditions. During evaluation of milk yield in the whole pedigree observed set, it was discovered the Holstein milk cows amount to higher milk yield and average 7 676 kg of milk with 4,02% fat and 3,44% protein in comparison with the Czech Mottled milk cows with 6 783 kg of milk with 4,06% fat and 3,44% protein per lactation. The difference of draw milk quantity between breeds was confirmed in statistically highly significant level (p 0,001). But the fat and protein difference was not significant. After sorting out of genotype set, a statistically significant difference of milk yield was not proved in pedigrees of the Czech Mottled or Holstein milk cows. The difference between breeds with genotype shared blood of 88% or more was confirmed in statistically highly significant level (p 0,001) the Czech Mottled (6 843 kg) versus Holstein breed (7 675 kg). A milk yield per lactation order was highest during the third lactation for both the Holstein (8 752 kg) and Czech Mottled breed (7 576 kg). The difference between breeds during the third lactation was confirmed in statistically highly significant level (p 0,001). And the influence of the first calving age on milk yield of the first lactation was not proved.
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Evaluation of selected effects on milk production and fertility of dairy cows of Holstein cattle
FREJLACH, Tomáš
This thesis deals with the evaluation of selected influences on the milk production and fertility of dairy cows in a herd of Holstein cattle. The cattle husbandry sector, in recent years, has been facing a worsening of the indicators of reproduction and longevity in dairy cows. It is primarily the requirement of constantly increasing the milk yield of dairy cows that has had an adverse impact on these indicators. The worsening of these indicators can result in a reduction of the cost-effectiveness of the production of milk and meat. The evaluation of influences on milk production and fertility in a herd of Holstein cattle was carried out at the AGRODAM Hořepník s.r.o. company. The selected influences included milk yield quantity, parity, age at first calving, calving interval, insemination index, and conception rate after first insemination. Two hundred and two Holstein dairy cows were included in the monitoring. Data on milk yield and reproduction were obtained from milk yield records and zootechnical records. The results showed that milk production of the monitored group of dairy cows was at a high level (10,025 kg of milk). The highest milk yield in kilograms of milk during first lactation was achieved by dairy cows that calved at the age of 27 to 29 months (9,335 kg of milk). According to the milk yield during the first lactation, the highest milk yield during three lactations was by dairy cows that had a milk yield exceeding 10,000 kg of milk during the first lactation (35,515 kg). When utilizing the DOUBLE OVSYNCH synchronization protocol, the average calving interval was 412 days, and a higher conception rate after first insemination (43%) was found as compared to the nationwide average in the Czech Republic (34.2%). The average number of culled dairy cows was 32%; from this the highest proportion of culled dairy cows was for other medical reasons (31%). Due to low milk yields, 25% of the dairy cows were culled.
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