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Uplatnění hnojení do depa v technologii pěstování kukuřice
Koryťák, František
The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess the effect of autumn application NP/NPK fertilizers placed as a subsurface depot and spring application of stabilized urea to subsurface depot (d) or broadcast application (b) on the yield of corn grain. The problematics was solved through a three-years small-plot field trial (harvest 2020, 2021, 2022) at the experimental station in Žabčice at Brno. The following fertilization combinations were included in experiment: 1. Unfertilized + urea IU and IN (b), 2. NP + urea IU and IN (b), 3. NPK + urea IU and IN (b), 4. NPK with zeolite + urea IU and IN (b), 5. Unfertilized + urea IU and IN (d), 6. NP + urea IU and IN (d), 7. NPK + urea IU and IN (d). Stabilized urea contained a urease inhibitor (IU) and nitrification inhibitor (IN). Corn grain yields were strongly influenced by the weather in individual years. Fertilizer placed as a subsurface depot increased grain yields compared with broadcast application only in one of the three monitoring years. Autumn application of NP/NPK fertilizers to a localised subsurface depot increased grain yield, for NPK fertilizers this increase was statistically significant in the first two years. Autumns application of fertilizers to subsurface depot with the spring broadcast application of nitrogen increased the yield of grain in two years, only in one statistically significant for all fertilizers. The spring nitrogen placed as a subsurface depot increased the grain yield in the first two trial years, with only one yield increase being statistically significant. The last year showed significantly higher yields after broadcast application of nitrogen fertilizer. The risk of technology application fertilizer placed as a subsurface depot is, among other things, soil processing using strip-till at low humidity.
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Termín a způsob aplikace klasické a inhibované močoviny ve výživě kukuřice
Miloš, Lukáš
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine the effect of mineral fertilizers application on the grain yield of corn. The 4-year field experiment was conducted in years 2019-2022 in the form of small plot field experiment at the Field experimental station Žabčice. The primary objective of the experiment was to compare the method and term of application, as experimental fertilizers were chosen classic urea and its fully inhibited variant, thus urea with nitrification (IN) and urease (IU) inhibitor. The following treatments were included in the experiment: 1. Urea + IN + IU to the depot (autumn), 2. Urea to the depot (autumn), 3. Urea + IN + IU to the depot (spring), 4. Urea to the depot (spring), 5. Urea + IN + IU wide (spring), 6. Urea wide (spring).The work also focuses on average comparison of term (autumn, spring) and method of application (to the depot, wide), regardless of investigated fertilizer as well as to the average yield of grain after the application of the examined fertilizers (urea, urea + IN + IU). The average four-year results showed a difference of 4.3 % in grain yield after the application of urea fertilizer (8.38 t/ha), regardless of the term and method of application, compared to its inhibited variant (8.03 t/ha). The application of the examined fertilizers in autumn resulted in an increase in average grain yield by 5.8% compared to application in spring. The last factor investigated was the method of application, with maize fertilised widely yielding 10.3% higher compared to depot fertilisation.
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The morforegulators use at the winter wheat
HRUŠKA, Jiří
The purpose of this diploma thesis was to assess the effect of morphoregulators on yield elements and total grain yield. The experiment was carried out in 2021 and contained 5 individual variants with 3 repetitions. One of them was just for a con-trol and no application of growth regulators took place in it. In other variants, the active ingredients chlormequat chloride, mepiquat chloride, prohexadione, trinexapac ethyl and ethephon were changed. The numbers of applications were also different, with variants 2 and 5 being regulated three times and variants 3 and 4 being regulated just two times. The experiment was carried out on the farm belon-ging to Mr. Hruška in the town of Želetava, located in the Vysočina region. The results showed that regulating plant growth may not always be beneficial. In some periods, it is rather harmful. The most important compared parameter - the grain yield - was the highest in the control variant. In this case the grain yield ran-ged between 8,80 t.ha-1 and 9,94 t.ha-1. The lowest yields were achieved by the most intensively regulated variants - 2 and 5. Growth regulators also had an effect on plant numbers, numbers of shoots, grain quality parameters and, of course, on plant height, for which morphoregulators caused significant differences.
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Vliv stupňovaných dávek dusíku na výnos a kvalitu osiva kukuřice
Dostál, Jiří
This paper undertakes an assessment of the impact of staggered doses on the yield and quality of maize seed. The task was resolved in the form of a semi-operational field test on a seed multiplication field for maize in the municipality of Kelčany in 2016. 90 kg.ha-1 N was applied to all variants, followed at the 10-leaf stage by a staggered application of nitrogen contained in DASA fertilizer. The test comprised five variant dosages: 1st - fertilized with 120 kg.ha-1 N, 2nd - 90 kg.ha-1 N, 3rd - 60 kg.ha- 1 N, 4th - 30 kg.ha-1 N, and 5th variant - no fertilizer. After harvesting, grain yield at t.ha-1 was determined at 14 % dry mass. For determining the quality of seed, the maize was calibrated by grain size fractions and the germination rate was tested. For Variant 1, which received the highest fertilizer dosage, the highest grain yield was established compared to the control group. For the other variants, no substantial difference in yield was observed. Based on this one-year field test, the most suitable nitrogen doses in relation to yield and seed quality are 90 kg.ha -1 N and 60 kg.ha-1 N.
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Využití dusíkatého hnojiva s inhibitorem nitrifikace ve výživě pšenice ozimé
Vícha, Lukáš
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to assess the influence of nitrogen-sulphurous fertilizer with an inhibitor of nitrification (ENSIN) on the yield, nutrition and quality of winter wheat grain. The experiment was carried out on a small parcel in the locality of Žabčice u Brna (184 metres above sea) level in farming season of 2015/2016). The experiment involved five variants: 1. LAD (checking), 2. DASA 26-13, 3. ENSIN, 4. LAD + DASA 26-13 a 5. LAD + ENSIN. The date of application was also taken into consideration. The differences in the yields and bulk density in different variants were not significant. The option: LAD + ENSIN reached the highest average yield and bulk density. The differences in quality of the grain of the variants were statistically significant. The highest reading for N-substances, content of gluten and sedimentation was also at the variant LAD + ENSIN. On the other hand the worst results were provided by the variant ENSIN. It can be stated that later application of the fertilizer ENSIS to winter wheat is more useful.
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Vliv řízené výživy jarního ječmene na dynamiku tvorby výnosu zrna a jeho kvality
Petrucha, Jan
The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of the influence of graded nitrogen nutrition of spring barley on the production of yield elements, grain yield and its quality by targeted application of non-root nutrition – ListerMo, which currently regulates content of nitrogen substances in grain. The small-lot field trial was based on the grounds of Agrospol Velká Bystřice. After emergence, N-fertilizers were applied at doses of N1 - 80 kg N.ha-1, N2 - 110 kg N.ha-1 and N3 - 140 kg N.ha-1. ListerMo was applied in three different phases of BBCH (25, 30, 45 - 50) during vegetation. Grain yield was comparable at N1 and N2, higher N dose reduced grain yield. Reduced grain yield reflects the effect of lower ears quantity per m2. The effect of ListerMo has been shown to reduce N-content most when applied to BBCH 30.
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Velikost kořenového systému pšenice seté ve vazbě na výnos biomasy
Němec, Ondřej
The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the size of root system on the grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the literature review, there is a description of the origin and anatomical structure of the root system, the description of the abiotic factors (lack of water, air temperature and mineral nutrition) and their influence on the properties of the root system and also the relationship between the root system size and grain yield of cereals. The second part of the thesis is focused on methods of studying the root system by electrical capacity. The practical part evaluated the size of the root system (RSS) of the selected varieties of wheat sown in the field experiment. The RSS was measured at three growth stages (columning, earing and filling grains) by the method of electric capacity. It was found that there are statistically conclusive differences in the RSS between the varieties of wheat with different baking quality, of which the category B had the largest root system in stem elongation and category C during the grain filling. The influence of the root system size on grain yield was not statistically conclusive, however, the positive correlation between the RSS at the stage of grain filling with grain yield (r=0.433) was detected.
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Hnojenie pšenice špaldy v ekologickom poľnohospodárstve
Halgoš, Samo
The aim of this bachelory thesis was to evaluate the effect of various methods of the organic fertilization on yields and content of N-substances of winter spelt wheat. Spelt was sown a crop of second track after organicaly fertilized experimental potatoes. Monitoring was caried out in the economic year 2016/17 by a small-plod field experiment on a 3 experimental stations. First experimental station was Lípa near Havličkův Brod. Second experimental station was Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, and the last one was Věrovany near Olomouc. Three variants of fertilizing were included in 3 repetitions: 1. Non-fertilized; 2. Green manure (GM) 3. GM + renewable external sources; 4. GM + farm fertilizers. Variant 3. GM + renewable external achieved the highest average yield and content of N-substances, whereas the lowest yield and content of N-substances was reported with the variant 2. green manure at the experimental area Lípa. At the experimental areas Věrovany and Jaroměřice variant 4. GM + farm fertilizers achieved the highest average yield and content of N-substances in compare with variant 2. GM. At the selection of a suitable organic fertilizer, we should consider not only its impact on the yields but also its availability either.
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Vplyv rastových regulátorov na efektívnosť využitia vody a odolonosť voči stresu such u vybraných odrod pšenici ozimnej
Barányiová, Irena
The main objective of dissertation thesis was to show impact of exogenous application of growth regulators on physiology and the total yield of winter wheat under drought stress. For the purpose of assessing the impact of growth regulators under drought conditions, it was in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 established field experiment at the field experimental station Žabčice. The field experiment monitored the effects of growth regulators on water use effeciency and tolerance to drought stress. We compared the effect of four growth regulators representing a different mode of action, the application time and potential of drought stress reduction. These were the active compound chlormequate (CCC) applied at the beginning of stem elongation, trinexapac-ethyl applied in the middle of stem elongation, etephon applied at the end of stem elongation and finally it was application of fungicide from the group of strobilurins (azoxystrobin) carried out at the heading growth stage. The drought stress was inducted by using experimental rain-out shelters that were installed at the end of stem elongation. Approximatelly 2 and 4 weeks after the beginning of drought stress, physiological measurements. Lower grain yields were recorded in 2014 with the average yields (4 to 6 t.ha-1). The highest grain yields were in 2015 with the average yields (10 to 13 t.ha-1).The positive impact of plant growth regulators was demonstrated mostly in increased yield and spike productivity. A positive effect of plant growth regulators on elimination of negative impact of drought in the parameter Amax was demonstrated after application of azoxystrobin, to a lesser extent after application of CCC and trinexapax. Etephon had the lowest impact on elimination of drought stress. The negative impact of drought stress on chlorophyll content was statistically significantly eliminated in all treatments by growth regulators. In addition, application of growth regulators reduced the impact of drought stress on water use efficiency (WUE). Growth regulators also mitigate a negative impact of drought stress on the primary phase of photosynthesis evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In the growth chamber experiment, the effect of growth regulators on the combined effect of drought stress and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was studied. The highest positive effect in dry conditions had application of trinexapac-ethyl and CCC regulators under both low and high VPD.
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The yield formation of spring barley in depending on nitrogen fertilization
PECA, Tomáš
The theses presents results of experiments with spring barley started in years 2017 and 2018. The experiments were put into practice at Mr Jiří Nepovím's (BSc) place in Opatovice near Světlá nad Sázavou. Laudis 550 was used as the experimental variety of spring barley and the objective of the experiment was to observe the increasing amount of nitrogen and its effect on the resulting quantity and quality. The experimental amounts of nitrogen were set to 60 kg.ha-1, 75 kg.ha-1, 90 kg.ha-1, 105 kg.ha-1 and 120 kg.ha-1. With the increasing amount of nitrogen the crop increased of 0,2 - 0,4 t.ha-1. The share of nitrogen substances in grain increased of 0,2-0,5 %.
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