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(Plocková veronika) Advanced analysis of specific thrombi features in multiphase CT data
Plocková, Veronika ; Nemčeková, Petra (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on advanced analysis of thrombus in multiphase CT data. The first part presents a literature review on ischemic stroke, its treatment, and the impact of thrombus structure on treatment success. Additionally, the literature review includes brief anatomy of the brain and methods for extracting radiomic features and possible methods for thrombus analysis from imaging data. In the last part of the theoretical work, the extracted features used in the practical part of the work and methods of their calculation are summarized. A brief introduction to statistical methods used in the practical part of the work follows. The practical part focuses on extracting statistical and textural features from CT data. Experiments deal with the analysis of extracted features, discriminatory properties of thrombus and background, and proposing an approach to thrombus segmentation from CT data. The results of the experiments are discussed.
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In vitro study of thrombolytic resistance in ischemic stroke
Hložánková, Anna ; Raptová, Petra (referee) ; Víteček, Jan (advisor)
Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. The most frequently used therapeutic approach in stroke treatment is enzymatic thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator – alteplase. Although alteplase is currently the only clinically approved thrombolytic for the treatment of ischemic stroke, its efficacy is limited. These limitations can be caused by several factors, including the structure and mechanical properties of the clot. The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is focused on ischemic stroke, its enzymatic therapy, and on the study of factors affecting thrombolytic efficacy. The practical part deals with in vitro preparation of structurally variable clots and the characterization of the effect of their structure on the efficacy of thrombolytic agents and the mechanical properties of clots.
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Ischemic thrombus analysis in multiphasic brain stroke CT data
Mikešová, Tereza ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
This master thesis deals with analysis of ischemic thrombus in brain CT scans. In theoretical part, a review of methods, especially thrombus segmentation, is developed. Furthermore, the anatomy of cerebral arteries and acute ischemic stroke is summarized. Selected methods from the field of image processing are briefly described. The practical part results in a comparison of thrombus segmentation methods. The segmentation itself was preceded by data preprocessing, which is described in the theses, and the creation of a manual annotation database. The best implemented method was found to be the adaptive thresholding method, which achieved a Dice score of 0,4555. By combining the methods appropriately, a final Dice score of 0,5145 was achieved. Thrombus parameters were then calculated from the segmented volumes. The median intensity value was 51,55~HU, the median length was 15,16 mm, and the median volume was determined to be 65,34 mm3. Subsequent correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between the derived parameters.
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Ischemic thrombus analysis in multiphasic brain stroke CT data
Mikešová, Tereza ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
This master thesis deals with analysis of ischemic thrombus in brain CT scans. In theoretical part, a review of methods, especially thrombus segmentation, is developed. Furthermore, the anatomy of cerebral arteries and acute ischemic stroke is summarized. Selected methods from the field of image processing are briefly described. The practical part results in a comparison of thrombus segmentation methods. The segmentation itself was preceded by data preprocessing, which is described in the theses, and the creation of a manual annotation database. The best implemented method was found to be the adaptive thresholding method, which achieved a Dice score of 0,4555. By combining the methods appropriately, a final Dice score of 0,5145 was achieved. Thrombus parameters were then calculated from the segmented volumes. The median intensity value was 51,55~HU, the median length was 15,16 mm, and the median volume was determined to be 65,34 mm3. Subsequent correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between the derived parameters.
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Mobilization of the patient after a cerebrovascular accident
Táborská, Jitka ; Strnadová, Alice (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is an acutely spreading insult of brain structures of vascular origin, which is caused by multifactorial causes. It is the third most common cause of death globally and 40 % of survivors become disabled and dependent on other people. In the Czech Republic, the mortality rate caused by this condition is twice the rate in western or northern countries. Based on the available sources, this unfavorable state can be transformed by implementing a fundamental change in the care organization and access to the acute treatment. This bachelor thesis presents an overview of this topic. It has been elaborated using the casuistic method and consists of two main parts. The theoretical part defines the condition, it describes various anatomical and physiological circumstances; it also elaborates on the causes of creation, classification, signs of the condition, diagnostics, modern treatment and the patient care-taking process of this condition. It includes the multidisciplinary approach in the newly established stroke centers and recognizes different parts of the patient care. The special part of the thesis contains the two casuistic cases of randomly selected patients, who experienced an ischemic-type CVA and were able to be treated with systemic thrombolysis in the therapeutic...
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