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Schopnost kokrhele menšího (Rhinanthus minor L.) parazitovat na vybraných druzích trav a snížit produkci jejich nadzemní biomasy
Křeček, Tomáš
In past, yelow rattle (Rhinanthus minor) was considered as a weed in grasslands due to grass yields reduction and rapid loss of its forage quality. But today it is valued for its ability to reduce the competitiveness of aggressive species of grasses, allowing restoration of species-rich grasslands. In dry and warm conditions in southern Moravia there was tested the suitability of different grasses to serve as host of Rhinanthus minor. The impact of irrigation was also assessed in drought conditions during spring growth on the production of aboveground biomass hemiparasitic plants and their hosts. The last part of the experiment was a test hydrophobicity and infiltration capacity of soils. Field experiment was established in Žabčice experimental station of Mendel University in Brno. To determine the ability of Rhinanthus minor to parasite on various grasses red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue were chosen. Irrigation significantly increased the number of plants and biomass of Rhinanthus. The largest nu-mber of plants and the highest biomass of Rhinanthus minor was found on irrigated plots with tall fescue. On the other hand, the smallest number of plants and the biomass were on the plots with red fescue. These differences are probably related to the ability of the host plant to cope with adverse environmental conditions. The experiment results in finding that red fescue is not a suitable host for Rhi-nanthus minor in dry and warm conditions in southern Moravia. On the contrary, it se-ems that the perfect hosts are deeply rooted tall fescue and clonal (rhizomatous) smooth stalked meadow grass.
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Možnosti využití travních porostů v rámci agrolesnictví
Macek, Libor
The bachelor's thesis deals with the use of grasslands with a focus on grasses and clover in agroforestry systems. The first part describes the agroforestry itself – its characteristics and significance. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on woody plants suitable for agroforestry systems, especially in the conditions of Central Europ, as well as on their production and non-production functions. The most suitable representatives are for example, walnut (Juglans), poplar (Populus), but also less economically used representatives, such as cherry (Prunus) or rowan (Sorbus). At the same time, agroforestry is divided into certain units, which are characterized by their functions, both in the tropics and in Europe. The most typical systems in Europe are mainly silvopastoral systems, but also increasingly used alley cropping on arable land. The second part describes various agroforestry systems using grasslands as well as practical examples of functioning systems in different climate zones. Attention is also paid to individual members of the family Poaceae and Fabaceae suitable for their characteristic properties in these systems. The most important for shading appear to be tolerant representatives such as Agrostis stolonifera L. or Festuca arundinacea Schreb. from the Poaceae family or Meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) from the Fabaceae family. Possible interactions related to the coexistence of woody plants, grasses and clover, such as competition and allelopathy, are also not neglected.
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Laboratory/Field Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Image Data for Vegetation Studies
Červená, Lucie ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee) ; Müllerová, Jana (referee)
Dominant vegetation species of two structurally and functionally different montane ecosystems were studied by means of laboratory and field spectroscopy and remote sensing image data: (1) a homogeneous human-influenced evergreen coniferous forest represented by a Norway spruce forest in the Krušné hory Mountains and (2) a heterogeneous natural ecosystem of a relict arctic-alpine tundra in the Krkonoše Mountains with predominance of grasses. The first part dealing with the Norway spruce forest is especially focused on the methods of laboratory spectroscopy. The assessment of Norway spruce stands on a regional and a global scales requires detailed knowledge of their spectral properties at the level of needles and shoots in the beginning, but ground research is very time-demanding. Open spectral libraries could help to get more ground-truth data for subsequent analysis of tree species in forests ecosystems. However, the problem may arise with the comparability of spectra taken by different devices. The present thesis focuses on a comparability of spectra measured by a field spectroradiometer coupled with plant contact probe and/or two integrating spheres (Paper 3) and proves the significant differences in spruce needle spectra measured by the contact probe and integrating sphere, spectra of...
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Kofermentace biologicky rozložitelných odpadů a čistírenských kalů
Hlavenková, Ema
This thesis deals with using of grass cutting as an entrance substrate for biogas plant used in cofermentation with sludge from waste water treatment and sludge from biogas plant. Tested materials were collected in Brno-Líšeň and Mokrá-Horákov. Grass cutting was tested as a fresh material, dry material and grass silage. Fermentation tests were realized in Republiková referenční laboratoř at Mendelova univerzita in Brno. Temperature during the testing was 42 °C. The production of biogas from fresh grass cutting produced in cofermentation with sludge from waste water treatment was 0,497 m3.kg-1, it contained 0,273 m3.kg-1 of methan. The production of biogas in cofermentation with sludge from biogas plant was 0,474 m3.kg-1 and 0,252 m3.kg-1 of methan. The production of biogas from dry grass cutting in cofermentation with sludge from waste water treatment was 0,416 m3.kg-1 of biogas and 0,230 m3.kg-1 of methan. Cofermentation of dry grass cutting with biogas plant sludge produced 0,399 m3.kg-1 of biogas and 0,208 m3.kg-1 of methan. Last measurement of produced biogas from grass silage in cofermentation with waste water treatment was 0,466 m3.kg-1 of biogas and 0,277 m3.kg-1 of methan. Grass silage and biogas plant sewage produced 0,394 m3.kg-1 of biogas and 0,277 m3.kg-1 of methane.
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Hodnocení kořenového systému a infiltrační schopnosti půdy u vybraných druhů trav
Dostál, Jiří
Lolium, Festuca species, and xFestulolium interspecies hybrids are widely used in agriculture, these species are considered the optimal grass species for intensive forage production. Lolium species are susceptible to abiotic stress, which has an increasing trend with the forthcoming climate change. Therefore, Festulolium interspecies hybrids have been bred, which have suitable parameters (drought resistance, ability of roots to penetrate through the compacted soil layers, better nutrient availability, etc.) to ensure a quality production and performance of other ecosystem services. Root biomass and root architecture are critical for meeting a number of ecosystem functions. In this work, I focused on the evaluation of the root system and the comparison of the soil infiltration capacity in selected Graminacae species. To compare selected parameters, grasses were grown in tubes filled with sand. Lolium multiflorum (cv. DALLARA), Festuca pratensis (cv. HYPERBOLA), Festulolium braunii (cv. HOSTYN), Festulolium krasanii (cv. HYKOR and HIPAST), Festulolium loliaceum (cv. PRIOR) and Trifolium pratense (cv. CALLISTO) species have been tested. The parameters evaluated were following: plant length, number of tillers, maximum rooting depth, total root length, root volume, root surface, root length in single thickness categories, dry matter of above-ground and underground biomass. The highest values were measured in Lolium multiflorum (cv. DALLARA) and in Festulolium braunii (cv. HOSTYN). Another part of the work was the sampling and evaluating roots from the soil on experimental plots in Vatín. In this measurement, Festuca rubra (cv. GONDOLIN) and Festulolium krasanii (cv. HYKOR) were selected. There were not found statistically significant differences in the total root length, root surface and root volume parameters. Festulolium (cv. HYKOR) had significantly stronger roots in the comparison to Festuca rubra. The last part of the research was the comparison of the soil infiltration capacity in these species: Festuca rubra (cv. GONDOLIN) and Festulolium (cv. HOSTYN, PRIOR and HYKOR). The highest infiltration capacity was measured on the Festulolium loliaceum (cv. PRIOR) plot.
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Typological classification and categorization og grasslands in selected area and recommendation of sutable grassland management
KADLECOVÁ, Jana
The aim of this thesis was to create the botanic snap of the chosen locations, which were meadows, grasslands, pastures and also fallow grass areas, to determine the area coverage of three main agrobotanic species i.e. grass, herbs and clover, to process it with the statistcal software and determine the method and intensity of use and fertilization of individual locations and suggest the suitable prato-technical methods. The cenological structure of the locations has been observed and described using botanic snaps. The prato-technic method used were documented for each of the locations and evaluated the influence on the cenological structure. The research was performed in locations Vřeskovice, Čeletice, Městiště in the region Pilsen, former district of Klatovy. In each location the botanic snaps were taken from 3 areas of about 5 x 6 meters each. There were determined the area coverage of grass, herbs and clovers and calculated the mean indication value of humidity. Mean indication value of humidity is the parameter usable for determination of permanent grassland management and utilization. The data from the research was elaborated in software MS Excel. I recommend to manage the analyzed permanent grasslands as follows: 1. The meadow Vřeskovice behind the sewage cleaning station - additional sow of perennial rye grass, meadow clover and white clover. 2. The meadow Mstice - total recovery alternatively conservative prato-technic measures - manure fertilization for about 20t/ha and additional sow of meadow and white clover and grass - red fescue, blue grass and perennial ryegrass. 3. The meadow above the transformer station Vřeskovice - keep on current management od additional clovers sow. 4. The pasture Čeletice grazed by horses - keep on current management or additional sow of red fescue, tall fescue and timothy grass. 5. The meadow Městiště with combined utilization by cattle pasture and mowing - keep on current way of use. 6. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by cattle - keep on current utilization or additional sow meadow and white clover. 7. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by sheep - keep on the current utilization, in future after the reduction of dangerous knapweed to decrease the amount of pastured animals. 8. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice behind Petrovický neither mowed nor pastured - proposed mulching twice a year for about 1 or 2 years, then pasture or pasture of extensive cattle breed (Galloway) or sheep or periodical mowing once or twice a year. 9. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice trench at the farmhouse - leave as a fallow meadow improves the biodivesity, optionally to mow once or twice a year from estetical reasons.
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Laboratory/Field Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing Image Data for Vegetation Studies
Červená, Lucie ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee) ; Müllerová, Jana (referee)
Dominant vegetation species of two structurally and functionally different montane ecosystems were studied by means of laboratory and field spectroscopy and remote sensing image data: (1) a homogeneous human-influenced evergreen coniferous forest represented by a Norway spruce forest in the Krušné hory Mountains and (2) a heterogeneous natural ecosystem of a relict arctic-alpine tundra in the Krkonoše Mountains with predominance of grasses. The first part dealing with the Norway spruce forest is especially focused on the methods of laboratory spectroscopy. The assessment of Norway spruce stands on a regional and a global scales requires detailed knowledge of their spectral properties at the level of needles and shoots in the beginning, but ground research is very time-demanding. Open spectral libraries could help to get more ground-truth data for subsequent analysis of tree species in forests ecosystems. However, the problem may arise with the comparability of spectra taken by different devices. The present thesis focuses on a comparability of spectra measured by a field spectroradiometer coupled with plant contact probe and/or two integrating spheres (Paper 3) and proves the significant differences in spruce needle spectra measured by the contact probe and integrating sphere, spectra of...
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Srovnání kořenového systému hybridů trav xFestulolium s rodičovskými druhy
Lukášek, Dominik
Rye grass are common considered optimum grass species for intensive agriculture in area with sufficient rainfall, because they provide a high production of quality forage. Unfortunately, they have lack of resistance to abiotic stresses. With heed to the progress climate change, when these stresses will increase, we are looking for genes from better-adapted species of Festuca. Target features are better use of nitrogen and water to attainment high production of forage, increased tolerance to drought and ability rooting compacted layers of soil. These targets lead to research on growth of roots, which are to fulfil the above written targets in award. Following the research of M. Humphreys we are focused on detailed monitoring root growth of three species xFestulolium and their parent species in the early stages of development in our research. They were tested following grasses: Festuca arundinacea (cv. KORA), Festuca pratensis (cv. PRONELA), Lolium multiflorum (cv. MORAVICE) and xFestulolium (cv. HYKOR, HOSTYN and PRIOR). The chosen the method of cultivation in cylinder with sand in outdoor conditions with fertilization in two doses, corresponding to a total 80 kg N/ha. The experiment was performed in two terms: 21. 5. when 23. 7. 2015 and 21. 9. when 11. 12. 2015. In the first term, growth was limited by high temperatures. In the second term were limiting the contrary low temperatures, especially at the end of vegetation. The evaluated parameters were: maximum depth of rooting, total dry root biomass, total root length, root surface, root volume, the ratio R/S, the dry weight of aboveground biomass, maximum height aboveground biomass, number of tillers, number developed leaves, surfaces of the leaves and root length in individual thickness categories. The length, surface and volume of roots with flat leaves, were evaluated through image analysis scans in program WinRHIZO (Regent Instruments, Canada). In most parameters it was the best Lolium multiflorum MORAVICE with xFestulolium HOSTYN. The differences between them are in most of parameters statistically insignificant (outside the maximum depth of root and flat of leaves, where MORAVICE achieved significantly higher values). Anticipated advantages relating to the growth of strong and deep roots in this experiment did not show. The supposed main reason for the termination of the experiment in the early stage of development.
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