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A model situation release of ammonia from industrial cooling plants
MIRANDOVÁ, Růžena
For my Bachelors´ thesis I have chosen the topic {\clqq}Ammonia release from industrial cooling systems´as there is, at the present time, a constant threat of risk from consequential accidents in indrustrial cooling systems which dispose with the cooling medium {--} ammonia. In the introduction of my thesis, I focused on the issue of the prevention of the amonia release risks from the viewpoint of current precepts of law {--} with a view to compiling technical and operational documentation and ensuring qualifications of for device handling. The thesis also contains the characteristics and description of amonia as a dangerous substance with concentration on its toxicity and possible toxic consequences on human beings (including inhabitants of the neighbourhood). Furthermore, I have also mentioned the means of protection which must be available to the cooling system attendants at the workplace. In the practical part of my thesis, I compiled a scenario of ammonia release from the original cooling system of Madeta Pelhrimov plc and from their current modern system. I have demonstrated the suitability of the technical design of the cooling system regarding the possibilities and risks of the coolant {--} ammonia {--} release by the comparing of these scenarios. For the purpose of achieving the objective of my thesis, I have used all the available technical data from company documentation and whilst processing the model situation of the largest and alternative ammonia release from the apparatus, I took from a model programme {\clqq}MODEL RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME AND PLAN FOR AMMONIA REFRIGERATION`` which was compiled in the USA.
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Ecological water service accidents in Tábor region during 1995 - 2005
URBAN, Jan
Ecological water service accidents in Tabor region during 1995 - 2005 In developed, densely populated area the requirements for water are increasing, as for the element that is necessary for life on Earth and for the production processes in human society. To ensure this needs covering became a limit factor of development of all economic spheres during the last years. That´s why the water management is getting into a front of public interest. The requirements naturally increase also in others economic spheres and all life fields. Filling of these requirements is connected with many actions, that influence the water purity. Beside the consequent water pollution or water quality inducement , we can talk also about the water-service accidents. Usually we speak about the emergent situations, that have the negative influence on a water useful qualities and cause biological, sanitary, visual and other defects. Redevelopment of these accidents are very laboured and expensive. That´s why the goal of all actions spheres is to precede the pollution of surface and underground waters in time. Subject of this work was the examination of water-service accidents in Tabor region in period of 1995 {--} 2005. The base of the examinated samples was a try to analyze the emergent situation causes, evaluation of solution mechanism of water-service accidents and evaluation of their incidences. By using the current knowledges the conclusions were deduced not only for the prevential sphere, but also for action-redevelopment and financial part of final stabilization. From the database 1995 {--}2005 were found, that on the Tábor region there were a 142 emergent accidents examinated {--} pollution, surface or undeground water threats, or technical problems in given region. Most of the problems were identified in agriculture and water-service fields (24% each), other accidents in food industry ( 13%), transport (16%) . Very serious emergent situations appeared on the pipeline, that goes throug the region. Among the unheathy substances the accidens were caused mainly by the oil products (in 52 cases),fertilizers and other substances used in agriculture caused the accidents in 41 cases. Mainly the human factor appears while accident rise {--} in half of examinated cases. From the results was also deducted, that in 18 cases the accidents appeared in water sources protective zone, 4 events happened in Protective zone of natural water accumulation Třeboňsko. 21 accidents caused the fish or other water animals kill. From the given balance-sheet and knowledges the following conclusions for prevential sphere were made: constructions, equipments or actions, that can influence the water situation are made with the agreement of water right authorities, Their contruction {--} technical implementation mostly doesn´t collide with valid regulations and standarts. In prevential sphere is necessary to keep the legal regulations, related mainly to the periodic checks and revisions of objects build for stocking and manipulation with unhealthy substances, also the prosecution of control systems and using the instruments usefull also for the water-service. Not only for the prevential sphere, but also for the check and redevelopment activities theirselves would be suitable to exert the simple analytic components. The negative part during the accident solution is the feedback and laboratory results absence. More workshops and work stations should have their own contra-accident instruments. Wrecking plans should be much more easier, current range should be include into a operating regulations. In the interest of fish and othe water animals protection the cooperation with specialised workplaces and veterinary authorities should be extended. Legal share of competence for the sphere of undergroung water little bit complicate the wrecking situations solution possibilities .
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Risk sources of ammonia refrigeration equipment and their possible impacts
MIRANDOVÁ, Růžena
I have decided to deal with the issue of "Risk Sources of Ammonia Cooling Systems and Their Eventual Accidental Impacts" as the risk of leakage from the cooling systems using ammonia as a coolant still prevails these days. Eventual accidental leakage simulation models were applied to several winter stadiums using ammonia as a coolant. Based on these results, it has been assessed how dangerous these sources for the citizens living in their surroundings are and measures to increase safety were suggested, too.
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Possibilities of using sludge of caustification from paper mills in Větřní
JAREŠOVÁ, Martina
Bachelor's thesis deals with the possibilities of using sludge of caustification from paper mills in Větřní. Literature research consists of an overview of the soil, its pollution, the processes that are associated with paper production and recovery operations, which in this action arise. The practical part is focused on monitoring the influence of toxicity of the caustification sludge on germination of white mustard, determining the maximum sorption capacity Conductivity by Sandhof, the determination of exchange pH, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate in sludge of caustification.
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Evaluation of fish contamination in selected fishing districts
ČERVENÝ, Daniel
The object of this thesis is the assessment of fish contamination by selected foreign substances as toxic metals, polychlorinated bifenyls and dioxines in selected fishing districts. For the thesis' purpose the attractive fishing districts Vltava 20 - Kořensko (421090), Údolní nádrž Rozkoš (451200), Odrava 1 ? ÚN Jesenice (431200) and Vltava 28 P (423040) were selected. Fish were caught by electric device and fishing rods. Foreign substances content monitoring was made in fish muscle tissues from selected locality. Concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, PCB, DDT, HCH, HCB, and dioxines in fish muscle tissues were monitored.
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Chemical defence of ladybirds against ants
ROZSYPALOVÁ, Adéla
This work studied distastefulness of alkaloids of eight ladybird species (Adalia bipunctata, Calvia quatuordecimguttata, Coccinella septempunctata, Cynegetis impunctata, Exochomus quadripustulatus, Halyzia sedecimguttata, Harmonia axyridis, Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata) for ants Lasius niger. The reaction to extracts of various ladybird species isn´t corelated with their size. There is a weak relationship of distastefulness on ladybird coloration.
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Cytotoxicity of the filamentous cyanobacteria in relation to its ecology
TOMEK, Petr
The aims of this study was to screen a cytotoxic activity in 53 strains of the genera Nostoc and Anabaena and to compare occurence of active isolates within different ecological groups. Selected cytotoxic strains were subjected to HPLC/MS analysis to identify their extracts composition. Isolates with strong cytotoxic effect containing unknown substances were fractionated to obtain pure fraction of this compound. Finally, the selected strains toxicity dependence on time and concentration was evaluated.
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