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Polymeric hydrogels preparation for tissue engineering applications
Pejskar, Michael ; Sekora, Jiří (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
The thesis deals with polymer materials for preparation and bioprinting of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Theoretical part contains description of individual tissue types, description and research in the field of polymer materials for the preparation of hydrogels in tissue engineering and a description of 3D bioprinting. Practical part deals with the preparation, bioprinting, testing and analysis of hydrogels and their properties.
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Interaction of gold cationic nanoparticles with blood cells and their distribution in the model organism
ŠRÁMEK, Michal
Cationic gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are attractive candidates for drug delivery, biomedical imaging and targeted anti-cancer therapy. Due to their unique physical-chemical properties, they have great potential, especially for so-called targeted photothermal cancer therapy. Nanoparticle properties such as size, shape and surface charge play a key role in the internalization process and different types of NPs can enter cells by various pathways. It has been reported, that specific cationic gold nanorods (GNRs) preparations are taken up by both normal and cancer cells in large amounts. The nanoparticles were shown to accumulate inside vesicular structures. Prior to the start with an application of cationic GNRs in biomedicine for different kind of purposes (such as photothermal therapy, targeted drug/gene delivery carriers, fluorescence probes, pregnancy test etc.), it is necessary at first to determine their biological safety and organism's response in general. In our laboratory, we are focused mainly on the application of GNRs in photothermal therapy. That consists of cationic GNRs accumulated in tumour tissue, where they transform light into heat upon irradiation by near-infrared (NIR) light, thereby thermally damaging nearby cells. During the study, it was shown by microscopic examination of the blood that after incubation of blood with cationic GNRs in vitro, the interaction of GNRs with white blood cells and platelets was observed. Further, using histology and fluorescence microscopy it was shown that after in vivo application the cationic GNRs are mostly accumulated in mouse spleen. The obtained data contributed to an understanding of cationic GNRs distribution and toxicity at the level of the cell and organism and were published as a part of the complex study in Biomaterials journal.
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Citizens´ opinions on transplantation of tissues and organs
ŠIMKOVÁ, Soňa
This graduation theses is focused on attitudes of people to tissues and organs transplantations. It is composed of two parts, the first one is theoretical, the other practical. The theoretical part is engaged in the topic of transplantation. It shortly and concisely describes the transplantation from the medical standpoint, then further the general history of transplantations. It mainly focuses on the transplantations from the standpoint of our actual legislation, especially of the Transplantation Act. It also concisely introduces the transplantation legislative in selected countries as well as the transplantations from the standpoint of ethics. In the practical part I used the method of the quantitative research, performed with the help of questionnaires. The data were collected through an anonymous questionnaire. The aim of my work was to show the public awareness of the transplantations and attitudes of people towards the given topic. My research encompasses a description of methodology, an examined sample, outcomes and a discussion about the outcomes. The questionnaire was determined to the Czech citizens of various ages and types of education. Only the lower limit was cut down to the age of eighteen years. Respondents were partly enlisted by the direct questioning, according to their will to cooperate and some of them were enlisted for a consideration of their individual interest through the server vyplnto.cz. The final research sample was made by 526 respondents. There was a preliminary research made with 10 respondents before the actual research to find out if the questions were intelligible. There were two hypotheses set in terms of the research. The first hypotheses claims that the citizens agree to donation of their tissues and organs for their relatives. If I took into account only one particular question investigating the possible agreement to donating tissues or organs for a relative to save her/his life, I couldn´t reject this hypotheses, because the majority of respondents claimed they would donate a tissue or an organ, but this hypotheses was statistically tested through the test of good consensus. This test considers more questions related to a hypotheses. After this test I came to a conclusion that this hypotheses could be rejected, so it is not true that people agree to their donation of tissues and organs to their close persons. The other hypotheses claims that people do not know the principle of presumption of agreement or supposed agreement related to the post-mortem organs and tissues removals. The results of this work show the incomplete knowledge of the Czech citizens related to the topic of transplantations. It is mainly illustrated by the fact that more than one half of respondents never heard about our Transplantation Act and almost 80 % of people think that the public is not well informed. Almost one half of respondents never heard about the principle of supposed agreement, nevertheless the most of them agree to the fact that their organs and tissues should be used for transplantations in case of their sudden death. The results of my graduation hypotheses show the need of better education related to the transplantations. The education should come in various ways. As the most effective I consider the education through the media, furthermore the education in form of leaflets, information brochures and advertisement spots. There should be paper brochures available in medical institutions and seminars and trainings organized for general public. If the age should be taken into account, it would be the best to start the education in the secondary schools.
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