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Ultrastrucutre of beech chloroplasts under the elevated CO2 concentration and different irradiation
Vrbová, Anna ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Kutík, Jaromír (referee)
Forest stands may act as important carbon storage places - sinks, due to carbon allocation into both the plant biomass in the process of photosynthesis and the soil. Enhancement of CO2 concentration affects a whole range of plant physiological processes and, thus, it is necessary to study its effect on photosynthetic apparatus - leaf anatomical structure and chloroplast ultrastructure. The first aim of the Thesis was to evaluate changes in chloroplast ultrastructure of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under the effects of both elevated CO2 concentration and different irradiance. The second aim was to evaluate if the anatomical parameters obtained from the middle part of the leaf are representative for the whole leaf blade. The trees were grown in glass domes at the Bílý Kříž experimental site in the Beskids Mountains (Czech Republic), owned by the CzechGlobe Institute. Leaves were sampled in 2010 from juvenile trees, which were planted in 2005 being 5-year old and cultivated since then in ambient (AC; 390 micromol/mol) and elevated (EC; 700 micromol/mol) CO2 concentrations. The EC effect was recorded to be an increased proportion of starch grains in the chloroplast median section and decreased proportion of of intergranal thylakoids (IGT) while the ratio of granal to intergranal thylakoids...
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Grana
Hlavsová, Kateřina ; Duchoslav, Miloš (advisor) ; Kutík, Jaromír (referee)
The evolution of life on Earth is closely connected to the ability of some organisms to oxidise water and reduce carbon dioxide using solar energy in a process called oxygenic photosynthesis. Substantial part of the photosynthetic reactions is located in the thylakoid membrane inside of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The main photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membrane are photosystems I and II with their light harvesting antennas, cytochrome complex and ATP synthase. All higher plants form grana (stacks of appressed thylakoid membranes) that are interconnected by stroma lamellae. Proper distribution of certain processes between grana and stroma lamellae seems to be crucial for smooth flow of photosynthesis. First part of this thesis is focused on the major photosynthetic complexes while the second part focuses on grana structure, dynamics and stabilising forces as well as proteins essential for grana formation. The last part of the thesis describes some differences between granal and agranal organisms and summarises hypotheses about grana functions.
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Ultrastrucutre of beech chloroplasts under the elevated CO2 concentration and different irradiation
Vrbová, Anna ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Kutík, Jaromír (referee)
Forest stands may act as important carbon storage places - sinks, due to carbon allocation into both the plant biomass in the process of photosynthesis and the soil. Enhancement of CO2 concentration affects a whole range of plant physiological processes and, thus, it is necessary to study its effect on photosynthetic apparatus - leaf anatomical structure and chloroplast ultrastructure. The first aim of the Thesis was to evaluate changes in chloroplast ultrastructure of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under the effects of both elevated CO2 concentration and different irradiance. The second aim was to evaluate if the anatomical parameters obtained from the middle part of the leaf are representative for the whole leaf blade. The trees were grown in glass domes at the Bílý Kříž experimental site in the Beskids Mountains (Czech Republic), owned by the CzechGlobe Institute. Leaves were sampled in 2010 from juvenile trees, which were planted in 2005 being 5-year old and cultivated since then in ambient (AC; 390 micromol/mol) and elevated (EC; 700 micromol/mol) CO2 concentrations. The EC effect was recorded to be an increased proportion of starch grains in the chloroplast median section and decreased proportion of of intergranal thylakoids (IGT) while the ratio of granal to intergranal thylakoids...
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