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Montessori's Aid as a Tool to Support Graphomotorics Development of Preschool Child with Down Syndrome
KAMENICKÁ, Petra
This bachelor thesis adresses the theme The Montessori teaching aid as an instrument to support graphomotoric developement of a preschool child with Down syndrome. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter focuses on individuals with Down syndrome. The second chapter deals with the developement of a preschool child and specifically with the developement of a preschool child with Down syndrome. The third chapter describes in great detail the principles of the Montessori programme. The last chapter focuses on the Montessori facilities for preschool children in the Czech republic. The main goal of the thesis was to find out in which ways can an adapted teaching aid made by the principles of Marie Montessori help develop the graphomotoric skills of preschool children with Down syndrome. The first partial goal was to find out, through interviews with teachers, which part of the Montessori material it would be suitable to elaborate on. Another partial goal was to analyse the process of the work of the children with M. Montessori´s original teaching aid for developing graphomotoric skills. The third partial goal was focused on the production of an adapted teaching aid made by the principles of M. Montessori that would improve the graphomotoric skills of children with Down syndrome. The fourth goal was to field test the aid . In agreement with the four goals, four research questions were set. To reach the estabilished goals the technique of a qualitative research was used. The methods of a semi-constructed interview with the teachers in the Montessori Children's Center, involved observation and individual work with girls with Down sydrome were used to collect the data for the practical part and finally the method of a secondary analysis of document data containing the work directions to original Montessori equipment for graphomotoric skills developement was used. The research took course from January to April 2015 in the Montessori Children's Center in České Budějovice. Two preschool girls with Down syndrome and three teachers from the Montessori centrum whom i had interviewed were in the target group. The results of my bachelor thesis are original handmade teaching aids based on the M. Montessori pedagogic principles whose aim is to help develop the graphomotoric skills of preschool children. The first aid is a pack of sixteen cards with graphomotoric elements. This aid is desined to properly fixate the shapes of graphomotoric elements and can serve as a first step in learning how to write capital letters. The second aid is desined to help develop the proper grip and is made in two modifications. These modifications differ in the type of material that the child puts into an egg box. Both aids fulfil the principles and policies of the Montessori programme. It was found out through observation that both of the handmade aids helped develop the estabilished categories mastering the pincer grip, improvement of the orientation on a surface, they contributed to the relaxation of the hand and it was possible to gain the proper ideas about the shapes of graphomotoric elements through them. The results of the experimental research show that the teaching aids were benefitial for the girls. The girls worked with the teaching aids systematically, following estabilished principles and everytime they finished the work they had started. Working with the first aid they gained an awareness about shapes of graphomotoric elements using their sight and touch. The second aid helped them to develop the proper pincer grip and to improve their tactile sensation. Both aids also helped to improve the ability of the girls to orient on a work surface.
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Protection of population-teaching aid for seniors
DOLEŽALOVÁ, Barbora
Protection of population - a teaching aid for seniors Thesis topic is "Protection of population - teaching aid for the seniors." The theoretical part of the education system of seniors how they can develop their personality even at an advanced age and thus come to fulfilment. The work is also described as insight into the history of protection population and its current state. It is important to realize continuous development of this area, particularly in the approach to the risks and dangers that surround us, their analysis and subsequent action. A prerequisite for the efficient functioning of the security system are appropriate legislative measures. The important part is undoubtedly a preventive educational activity in the area of civil protection and fire protection focused on citizens. The work classifies emergencies and carries out the tasks of civil protection. The theoretical part also describes cooperation at the international level. The aim was to create educational material for the elderly, aimed at protecting the population and treated on the basis of available information and literature. In the result, therefore, to raise awareness among the elderly in the area, this may be in danger of their lives, health or property. To accomplish this aim it was necessary to choose basic and essential information from available sources. It was mainly about the basic concepts of civil protection, classification of incidents and how they behave in given situations. It was also necessary to create a questionnaire including questions on precisely the subject of protection of the population in relation to the citizens themselves - seniors. The questionnaire was administered in elderly patients visiting senior's club Šance in Týn nad Vltavou and was subsequently verified normality knowledge. Following the improvement of information for seniors from the aforementioned club was created block of three lectures where senior citizens have clarified the issue of protection of the population, especially in relation to their self-protection. Chapter "Results" includes an evaluation questionnaire. Presented are the issues and their graphic evaluation. Using mathematical and descriptive statistics were verified whether knowledge of seniors in the area of civil protection division has knowledge of near normal distribution. The hypothesis was verified and accepted. The result of this work is an educational tool that is further specified in the chapter "Results". The complete version of teaching aids is the appendixes, which among other things are also presentations that were used to lecture at the senior's club Šance. The output material will serve as an informational tool for seniors visiting senior's club Šance. Another possibility is the use of teaching materials electronically, where the material will be available on the website of the town Týn nad Vltavou and provide the necessary information not only seniors, but also to other citizens, who express concern over the issue of choice. Interest in electronic form of educational toys showed a primary school Hlinecká in Týn nad Vltavou.
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