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Chromium and chromium species cycle in environment
Nevrlá, Jana ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
This work focuses in the first theoretical part mainly on the possibility of entering various forms of chromium into the environment, their accumulation and transformation in environmental compartments. There are also described methods of sampling for analytical determination of chromium, the type of treatment of these samples and the most analytical methodologies for the determination of chromium in the oxidation stage III and VI. The experimental part is focused on the quantitative determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in waste water, taken from the neutralizatoin station of the Chemical faculty of Brno University of Technology, by using selected spectrophotometric methods and the obtained results are compared with the results of analytical determination of total chromium by atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Možnosti zjištění zatížení lesních ekosystémů těžkými kovy pomocí jejich obsahu v parazitech zaječí zvěře
Štefek, Karel
In this thesis the concentrations of heavy metals have been statistically appraised on the basis of samples gained from small intestines of European hare - Lepus europaeus and from an endoparasite Trichuris leporis (found by a washing method). Tha appraisal has been performed by atomic absorption spectrometry -- AAS, electrothermal atomization - ETA-AAS (for Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb), and means of atomization in the flame FAAS (Cu, Mn, Zn). The pieces of offal of hare game have been obtained from a common hunting in the localities of the Czech Republic represented by the region of South Moravia, Moravian-Silesian, Olomouc, and the Highlands. The sample collecting has been conducted from 2008 to 2012. Statistically significant differences of heavy metals concentrations have been found out between the individual localities. In addition, an endoparasite as a possible bioindicator of heavy metals load on the forest environment has been evaluated differently. Furthermore, in endoparasites there have been detected an exceeding of the hygiene limits for food. Conclusion made on the basis of all statistical analysis performed in this study says that Trichuris leporis indicates heavy metals load on ecosystems by wider range of heavy metals than the small intestine and more, considerably in the higher concentrations. Thus, Trichuris leporis can be used as a sentinel organism for the indication of heavy metals in the forest environment, at least in an area of the European hare territory.
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Hodnocení vybraných rizikových vlastností elektroodpadu
Stejskalová, Věra
The topic of thesis is assessment of heavy metals in selected electronic waste (LCD SONY TV). The introduction describes the legislation and the current state of, return, separate collection, handling and disposal of electrical waste in the Czech Republic. The thesis deals with televisions and monitors with LCD technology focused on description and composition. The results of scientific research in the field of recycling LDC monitors instead of landfill or incineration are an important part. The practical part describes the methodology and results of the experiment, which was made in the spring of 2013. Heavy metals were measured spectrophotometer leachate analysis. The results were compared with the requirements of legislation and the waste was added to leach class. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in CRT and LCD TV is made in the discussion.
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Molekulární podmíněnost rezistence lnu vůči těžkým kovům a možnost jejího ovlivnění transgenozí
Vrbová, Miroslava
This work is focused on the molecular conditionality of flax resistance to heavy metals. Attention was therefore devoted to the identification of proteins whose role in stress response to heavy metals have not been discovered yet in flax. Two contrasting flax varieties displayed differences in steady state levels of short thiol peptides (GSH and PC) and heavy-metal binding proteins (ferritin and lipocalin) which can detoxify cadmium via chelation. These results are the first published analysis of the proteomic response to cadmium exposure in commercially important annual crop with potential use in phytoremediation. Another of the objectives was to verify the possibilities of influencing the flax resistance to heavy metal using transgenosis. There were obtained a multiplied flax plants, in which the presence of a transgene was verified, and these lines were tested for tolerance and accumulation of cadmium in both in vitro and in the field conditions.
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Změny metabolomu slunečnice roční vlivem těžkých kovu - nový ukazatel účinnosti fytoremediačních technologií
Kryštofová, Olga
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility of using sunflower for phytoremediation technologies of soil polluted with over-limiting concentrations of heavy metals. Helianthus annuus L.was selected for our experiments due to its phytoremediation properties. As heavy metals, cadmium, which is abundantly contained in fertilizers, lead, of which concentrations in the environment greatly increased thanks to the using of leaded fuels, and silver, which can be considered as an environmental issue due to its using in nanotechnology, were used. Changes in the activities of chosen enzymes (ALT, AST, urease), concentrations of specific peptides (GSH, GSSG, PC) and the ability to receive and distribute heavy metals were used to evaluate the suitability of plants for phytoremediation purposes.
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Influence of soil properties on mobility of selected risk elements in the soil and some methods of their decontamination
BEDRNÍČEK, Jan
Development of society and the increasing population of the planet are related to the increasing discharge of wastes and pollutants. These include heavy metals. Purpose of this bachelor´s thesis is to briefly clarify behaving of lead, cadmium and mercury in the soil; it means content, forms, mobility, sorption and its influencing factors and their impact on the animal and plant organism. This thesis also gives a wider view on the issue of decontamination techniques with focusing on bioremediation and mainly phytoremediation with the use of plant hyperaccumulators.
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Study of photosynthetic response of green algae on presence of selected heavy metals
NOVÁK, Jan
With the world population growth, more and more agricultural areas fall into regions affected by waste products. Therefore it is important to determine their impact on environment toxicity. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of selected ions of heavy metals (CoSO4, CuSO4, CdSO4, ZnSO4 and K2Cr2O7) on the process of photosynthesis in a selected green algae species (Scenedesmus quadricauda) by means of monitoring of dynamics of oxygen release into solution of nutrient medium. The experiments with individual compounds proceeded by pH 7, temperature 25°C and light 450 ?mol m-2 s-1. Algareact device developed by the company BVT Technologies was used for measuring. Comparison with growth curves Scenedesmus quadricauda by different pH was used for the validation of the method. The method of the measurement of dissolved oxygen in medium is suitable for the measurement of immediate impact of chemical compounds on photosynthetic activity of examined organism. The method is restricted by the fluidity of measured solution. The lowest quantity of oxygen disolved inmedium was measured by CdSO4 in concentration 0,1 M.
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