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Trendy a faktory naděje dožití v České republice
Lukele, Aneta
The thesis deals with trends and factors of life expectancy in the Czech Republic in the period from 2016. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the importance of demographic factors on the evolution of life expectancy, including analysing the spatiotemporal evolution of infant mortality and the structure of mortality, at the national, regional and district levels. The paper also sheds light on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy values. The methods used are demographic analysis, statistical methods (time series analysis, regression and correlation analysis) and prediction of future trends, comparison and synthesis. Although life expectancy at birth has been increasing for a long time, the impact of the covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a decrease in life expectancy values for both sexes in all regions in selected years. The highest life expectancy at birth for both men and women is in the Capital City of Prague (77.1 years for men, 82.4 years for women), while the lowest values are in the Ústí and Karlovy Vary Region (72.7 years for men, 78.8 years for women). The infant mortality rate is also decreasing in almost all regions. The main factors affecting life expectancy are the level of education, economic activity and the related level of financial income, the state of health care, the environment, the political situation in the country, unexpected events, see covid-19 and many others. The prerequisite is a continuing increase in life expectancy at birth and a steady decline in infant mortality. Recommendations are proposed particularly in terms of the deepening ageing of the population with associated declines in fertility, and the relevance of the experience of old age to health.
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