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Ammonia nitrogen stripping from liquid suspensions
Strádal, Jakub ; Krištof, Ondřej (referee) ; Kalivoda, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focuses on the optimization of the designed semi-operational technological stripping device, which was used to separate ammonia nitrogen from a solution simulating fugate. The operation of biogas plants produces digestate and its liquid part (fugate) contains a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen, which complicates the use of fugate as fertilizer. Optimal experimental conditions for ammonia separation were investigated on a semi-operating device with considering to economic and time burden. The determination of ammonia nitrogen was measured by UV-VIS spectrometry using the indophenol method. The results found will be used to select the optimum input conditions to be practiced on a real fugate.
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Liquid-vapor mass exchange in stripping processes
Liman, Martin ; Kalivoda, Josef (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the solution of ammonia separation from waste raw materials of agricultural production. It focuses on determining the efficiency of desorption from an experimental stripping device depending on the measurement temperature. Ammonia water solutions and liquid digestate samples from technical practice were used to verify the functionality of the equipment. Increasing separation efficiency with increasing temperature has been demonstrated. The device was gradually improved during the measurement for a better profitability of the separation process. The results of the experiments are discussed concerning the theoretical assumptions and compared with other methods of ammonia separation.
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Design calculation of an exmperimental striping unit
Florian, Tibor ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to design a stripping column according to given requirements. At the beginning, the contaminant is described, in this case ammonia. Next section is putting emphasis on stripping columns, the principle, possible construction options etc. The main part of this thesis is focused on the design itself, including calculation of various parameters as well as simplified construction possibility. Drawing documentation is included in the attachment.
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Mass transfer during desorption
Lindovský, Jiří ; Svěrák, Tomáš (referee) ; Kalivoda, Josef (advisor)
This master thesis deals with development and optimalization of apparatus for ammonia desorption from liquid organic wastes, generated by biogas plant. There is a high ammonia concentration in biogas plant waste products. That limits its application as a fertilizer in an agriculture. The main aim of this theses is finding optimal conditions to reach required efficacy of removing ammonia nitrogen from a liquid digestate. For this purpose, two pilot plant devices were used, and optimal conditions for ammonia desorption with its subsequent absorption by acid solution were investigated. One of the tested devices is a membrane contactor with polymeric hollow fibers. The second is a stripping device, which was used for measuring the pilot scale experiments. At the time of writing of this thesis, the device is subjected to a process of optimalization. The transferred ammonia nitrogen absorbed in acid solution was analyzed by UV-VIS spectrometry. The suitability of both devices for the required ammonia desorption efficiency has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the kinetic curve of the experiment was investigated under different conditions. The optimalization of devices will take place according to the results obtained in the experimental part of this thesis. The optimized devices will be placed in biogas plant full operation.
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Effectiveness of inverse Scrubber
Drevený, Lukáš ; Kalivoda, Josef (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
The main aim of this Diploma thesis was to investigate a mass transfer of air pollutants to a liquid solution of NaOH, theoreticaly based on a film theory of diffusion in accordance with absorption experiments. The absoprtion experiments were provided by our own designed inverse scrubber in a semi production proportion. In a design phase of the inverese scrubber literaly and patent reviews were provided to inspect a background of the innovation. The experimental part firstly investigates a hydraulic properties of the most important inverse scrubber components and its connections and then the most suitable limits and pre-set preferences are designed for yielding an objective data relating to the mass transport study. Secondly, the absorption of carbon-dioxied (CO2) gas through a thin film of NaOH solution is investigated in a range of hundres of litres of liquid per hour. Then the efficiancy of absorption and the mass transport ratio is investigated. The goal of this study is to put forward the knowledge about the simpliest arrangement of the inverse scrubber in order to gain a satisfying mass transfer even in the full production proportion.
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Wastewater stripping with the support of simulation software
Mader, Dan ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The issue of increasing nitrogen in wastewater and at the same time growing demand for nitrogen fertilizers can be interconnected and solved by using stripping technology. This thesis deals with testing and modifications of the experimental unit for ammonia stripping in the Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes, as well as the creation of a simulation of this unit in software ProMax. The batch mode unit was converted to continuous operation after several experiments with ammonia solution. The outcomes of the measurements from batch and continuous operation as well as from the simulation were subsequently compared and the obtained data show that continuous operation currently allows the removal of 94% of ammonia from the total input amount, while batch operation up to 98%. However, according to the simulation results, the lower efficiency of the continuously operating unit can be changed when certain operating parameters are increased. This knowledge can be used for further experiments or design of an industrial stripping column.
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Nutrients recovery by processing liquid digestate
Štylárková, Petra ; Vondra, Marek (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
Biogas plants produce a large amount of digestate or liquid digestate annually, which can be further processed to obtain nutrients. This method is not widespread due to high investment costs. In this paper, technologies for nutrient recovery from liquid digestate as well as a techno-economic model are presented. This model was developed using information from literature and calculations in a process simulator. It is able to calculate the overall balance of the system from the input parameters and to tentatively assess the economic evaluation. The use of the model was demonstrated with a case study of a specific biogas plant. The analysis of the effects of the price parameters showed, among other things, that for the biogas plant in question the sensitivity of the return to a lower price of ammonium sulphate (product) is high, while in the case of struvite (product) even at its low price there is no such sensitivity.
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Possibilities of utilization of nitrogen compounds from liquid suspensions generated in waste management
Vajdíková, Tereza ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Kalivoda, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from biogas plant waste to produce a new usable product. In the theoretical part of the thesis, attention is paid to waste management from the perspective of biogas plants, the problem of nitrogen, and its removal. The thesis contains, among other things, theoretical calculations that include distribution and precipitation curves. The practical part deals with the correctness of these curves, as well as the precipitation of ammonium ions to form ammonium magnesium phosphate and stripping. The practical part includes quantitative and qualitative analyses of the individual components involved in precipitation. Nitrogen removal was performed on the model and real samples.
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Wastewater stripping with the support of simulation software
Mader, Dan ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The issue of increasing nitrogen in wastewater and at the same time growing demand for nitrogen fertilizers can be interconnected and solved by using stripping technology. This thesis deals with testing and modifications of the experimental unit for ammonia stripping in the Laboratory of Energy Intensive Processes, as well as the creation of a simulation of this unit in software ProMax. The batch mode unit was converted to continuous operation after several experiments with ammonia solution. The outcomes of the measurements from batch and continuous operation as well as from the simulation were subsequently compared and the obtained data show that continuous operation currently allows the removal of 94% of ammonia from the total input amount, while batch operation up to 98%. However, according to the simulation results, the lower efficiency of the continuously operating unit can be changed when certain operating parameters are increased. This knowledge can be used for further experiments or design of an industrial stripping column.
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Mass transfer during desorption
Lindovský, Jiří ; Svěrák, Tomáš (referee) ; Kalivoda, Josef (advisor)
This master thesis deals with development and optimalization of apparatus for ammonia desorption from liquid organic wastes, generated by biogas plant. There is a high ammonia concentration in biogas plant waste products. That limits its application as a fertilizer in an agriculture. The main aim of this theses is finding optimal conditions to reach required efficacy of removing ammonia nitrogen from a liquid digestate. For this purpose, two pilot plant devices were used, and optimal conditions for ammonia desorption with its subsequent absorption by acid solution were investigated. One of the tested devices is a membrane contactor with polymeric hollow fibers. The second is a stripping device, which was used for measuring the pilot scale experiments. At the time of writing of this thesis, the device is subjected to a process of optimalization. The transferred ammonia nitrogen absorbed in acid solution was analyzed by UV-VIS spectrometry. The suitability of both devices for the required ammonia desorption efficiency has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the kinetic curve of the experiment was investigated under different conditions. The optimalization of devices will take place according to the results obtained in the experimental part of this thesis. The optimized devices will be placed in biogas plant full operation.
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