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Sarcopenia screening at hospitalized patients on standard hospital ward
VÁCLAVÍKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis aims to map nurses' knowledge of sarcopenia and describe the current utilization of screening tools for its identification in practice. Two research questions were formulated: "What knowledge do nurses possess regarding sarcopenia?" and "What screening methods do nurses employ?" Furthermore, two hypotheses were formulated: H1: Nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia varies depending on the department they work in. H2: Nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia varies depending on the length of their practice. Additional hypotheses were formulated during the data analysis, allowing for a better understanding of the research issue. The empirical part of the thesis combined a mixed research strategy using semi- structured interviews and non-standardized questionnaires. Five nurses and one physician participated in the qualitative survey, while 179 nurses from various departments were involved in the quantitative research. The results showed insufficient knowledge of nurses about sarcopenia, which was confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative surveys. Minimal utilization of sarcopenia assessment tools in practice was also identified. Statistical analysis confirmed relationships between nurses' knowledge and their attitudes toward assessment tools, as well as between length of practice and preference for clinical observation over assessment tools. Age of respondents was found to correlate with reactions to assessment tool results. Representation of assessment tools used was consistent across all departments. The research survey results revealed weaknesses in nurses' knowledge and insufficient utilization of sarcopenia screening methods in practice. Based on the research findings, it is evident that improving nurses' knowledge in the field of sarcopenia, especially in departments with a high prevalence of patients suffering from this condition, is necessary. It is also important to train healthcare professionals and ensure that screening methods are actively implemented in practice.
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Nurses' approach to patients with dementia in general hospital wards
VAN HORIK, Nina
This bachelor thesis focuses on the approach of nurses to patients with dementia in standard wards. The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part contains the definition of the term dementia, distionction of individual types and stages, distinction of symptoms, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy. Furthermore, it deals with communication and attitudes towards patients with dementia and problematic behaviour stemming from the disease. In the empirical part of the thesis, the aim was to identify general nurses' approaches to patients with dementia, the factors that may influence their approach, and then compare approaches of nurses with each other. A quantative method using a non-standardised questionnaire was chosen to conduct the research. The questionnaire was used to examine the approach of nurses to patients with dementia and to their awareness of specific and modern methods used in the care of patients with dementia. The responses of respondents from four types of standard wards were then statistically analysed. The results show that neither the length of practice nor the highest educational attainment affects the approach of nurses to patients with dementia, on the contrary, what affects their approach is the type of ward. It was also found that the use of modern methods does not depend on the education of the nurses, but again on the type of ward. The results of the investigation highlight the divergent approaches of nurses to patients with dementia and what factors may influence the approach. The result of the thesis can be used to develop a seminar to inform about modern methods in the care of patients with dementia and how to communicate and treat the patients.
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Caring for patients on High-Flow Nasal Oxygen therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic from the standard ward nurses perspective
Škodová, Tereza ; Arientová, Simona (advisor) ; Míca, Patrik (referee)
The thesis examines the experience of standard ward nurses in caring for COVID-19 positive patients who were on high flow oxygen (HFNO) support due to respiratory failure. The research was conducted in the Infectious Diseases Clinic Department at the Military University Hospital Prague where this treatment method was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with COVID-19 disease, HFNO therapy, AIRVO 2 divide and the primary care of patients during the pandemic. The practical part was conducted as quantitative research through a questionnaire survey and qualitative research through interviews with nurses. The main goal of the thesis was to find out how nurses of the standard ward perceive the care of patients requiring HFNO support and also to find out whether it is appropriate and adequate for the nurses to have these patients hospitalized in the standard ward department. Key words: HFNO therapy, COVID-19, standard ward, nurses, experience
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Use of nursing competencies in surgical department
HARAZINOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to map the work of nurses in the surgical department. For a comprehensive view, attention is paid to the standard inpatient department, surgical intensive care unit and surgical outpatient clinic. Determining the specifics of the work of nurses in these components was defined as the second goal. To meet the goals, 3 main research questions were set: "What is the role of a nurse in the surgical department?", "What are the specifics of work in individual departments?" and "What is the continuity of care between departments?". Due to the diversity of surgical components, the theoretical part of my work specifies their spatial arrangements and equipment, describes the expected condition of patients, the role of the nurse and other aspects. It also discusses the history of surgery as a field. The research group consists of a total of 19 informants, of which 8 informants working in the standard surgical department, 6 informants from the surgical intensive care unit and 5 informants from the surgical outpatient clinic. The results show that the addressed informants generally perceive their role as part of their job position and in the provision of nursing care. The specifics of the standard ward are described by nurses from its septic part in the more difficult state of health of patients, other informants mention the diversity of diagnoses or concern for a higher number of patients. Informants from the intensive care unit agree on the increased need for patient monitoring. The informants from the surgical outpatient clinic mainly take care of patients with acute problems, while the outpatient clinic is usually their first point of contact with a medical facility. The output of this work is a professional article providing information for medical staff and students of medical disciplines.
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A patient with a mental disability on a standard hospital ward.
VÁCLAVÍKOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor thesis deals with specifics of nursing care of patient with mental disability on a standard hospital ward. The thesis is divided into theoretical part where the basic information about mental disability are described including nursing care. The analytical part is aimed on experiences and knowledge of nurses who are caring of this patients and the other aspects which influence nursing care. The aim of the bachelor thesis is find out possible problems which occur during the hospitalization. Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews was selected for the analytical part. It was supplemented by direct, hide, participant observation. Ten nurses working at different standard wards in different hospitals were intentionaly selected for the research. The given interviews were processed by the open coding technique using pencil and paper. 7 categories and some subcategories were created and were further elaborated according to their specialization. Observation was performed on the Internal Department in one South Bohemian hospital. Seven nurses were observed. The analysis of observation was made by describing the individual record sheets and the situations and their comparison. The research shows that nursing care of patients with mental disability is difficult and have to be individualized. The most common problems in these patients are impaired adaptability, self-care deficit, disturbed verbal communication, incontinence, the risk of a violence and impaired social interactions. Nurses encounter all degrees of mental disability. The grade of mental disability is one of the aspects that greatly affects nursing care. Quality communication and sufficient patient information are essential for proper nursing care. The results of this bachelor thesis could be used for nurses or nursing students. The results can serve as an information material for anyone who wants to learn more about mentally handicapped patients.
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A Patient with Tracheostomy at an Intensive Care Unit and a Standard Ward
HLOCHOVÁ, Denisa
Tracheostomy is a surgical operation where a permanent or temporary opening is made in the trachea to ensure passability of the air passage. The aim of tracheostomy is to provide oxygen to the lungs, to improve breathing, to reduce consciousness sedation, and to improve the tracheal toilet. The bachelor thesis mainly focuses on nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy at an intensive care unit and at a standard ward. The theoretical part explains the problem of tracheostomy, aids and types of tracheostomy cannulas. It also focuses on the nursing care of tracheostomy. It deals with mouth hygiene and care of the air passages. The care of the air passages includes humidification, lavage and tracheostomy suction. The theoretical part of the thesis also deals with rehabilitation, diet and communication with patients with tracheostomy. The subject of the thesis was to map what the nursing care of patients with tracheostomy is like and how the needs of a patient with tracheostomy are satisfied. Three goals were set to meet the goal: Goal 1: To find out the specifics of the nursing care of patients with tracheostomy at an intensive care unit and at a standard ward. Goal 2: To find out the level of satisfying the needs of patients with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward. Goal 3: To map the level of adherence to the principles of nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward. Three research questions were set in relation to the goals. 1: What are the specifics of nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward? 2: What is the level of satisfying the needs of patients with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward? 3: What is the level of adherence to the principles of nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy at an ICU and at a standard ward? Qualitative research, namely the techniques of semi-structured interview and concealed observation, was employed in the practical part of the bachelor thesis. Six nurses from the České Budějovice Hospital were invited to the interview. The first part contains identification data, the second deals with the opinions on the specifics of nursing care of patients with tracheostomy among nurses, it also focuses on the level of satisfaction of the needs of patients with tracheostomy and the last part deals with adherence to the principles in nursing care of patients with tracheostomy. At the beginning of the interviews the nurses were informed on anonymousness of the interviews and they are numbered in the thesis. The research sample consisted of nurses from intensive care units and nurses from an otorhinolaryngology department. The data obtained from the interviews were processed by means of the "paper & pencil" and "card reading" methods into three categories, which were consequently subcategorized. The obtained data were processed into graphic schemes by means of XMind 2013 software. The information obtained from the observation was processed into graphs in Microsoft Excel 2010. The results from the interviews and the observation show that patients with tracheostomy are provided with relatively quality nursing care. The nurses showed good knowledge of the nursing care of a patient with tracheostomy. The nurses consider communication with a patient with tracheostomy the most frequent problem. All the set research goals were met in the research. The subject of the bachelor thesis was to show the weak points of the nursing care provided to patients with tracheostomy. This thesis may serve for improvement of the nursing care of patients with tracheostomy and may also be helpful to student as an additional study material. Elaboration of a brochure for patients with tracheostomy was the result of the thesis.
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Evaluation of ditary habits of nurses of standard wards by NutriDan.
KADLECOVÁ, Lenka
Abstract The bachelor thesis Evaluation of dietary habits of nurses of standard wards by NutriDan program is dividend into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part focuses on personality of a nurse, her education and conditions for performance of her work. Eating habits are assessed among nurses at standard wards. Furthermore, it is focused on nutrition which is important not only for nurses but for all of us. There are all the meal components such as sugars, fats and proteins delat with. They are followed by vitamins, minerals and trace elements and of course drinking regime, which is also important. The first aim of this thesis was to investigace how nurses of standard wards eat. The socond objective was to determine whether there is any diference in the diet, hen nurses are at home or while at work. The following hypotheses were stated to meet these aims: H1 Nurses at standard wards eat irregulary at work. H2 More than a half of the nurses of standard wards adhere to heatlthy diet principles in their free time. H3 Nurses know how to eat properly. There was a method of quantitative research ? an anonymus questionnaire used in the research. The questionnaire contained 18 questions, 10 questions were closed, 4 were half-open and the remaining were supplementary. The questinnaire also included two record sheets, where nurses recorded thein 24-hour diet including the liquids they drank. One answer sheet was for the days hen the nurses were at work and the second one when they were off and were at home. It was possible to use 102 questionnaires and records for the research. The records were then evaluated in the NutriDan programe. The research results show that the energy supply of a nurse at work is lower than its expenditure. They also show that Nurses generally know how to eat properly and thein BMI values are mostly balanced. Most nurses know that their diets vary during their free time and hen they are at work but they try to eat regulary and according to the principles of good nutrition at home. Therefore, there are noticeable differences in their diet and results of NutriDan on the diet inegredients show the same except for proteins and fiber. These nutritional components are neglected at home and at work too. They regularly have breakfast and more than a half of them eat regulary. The regulary eat fruits and dairy products. The diet of nurses is less balanced and less nutritious when they are at work. Nurses are eating irregulary and inadequately at work. Meal at working time is mostly represented by dairy products, fruits, vegetables and food rich in cholesterol and lipids. In practice, the results of the research could be provided to nurses at wards, so as they learn about the mistakes they make in their diets, about their eating habits in general so as they could change or modify their diets. The results could also be publishied in professional journals or articles dealing with this problem.
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Providing the patient´s privacy on regular wards and intensive care units
ŠVAGROVÁ, Soňa
Providing the patient´s privacy on regular wards and intensive care units Abstract At present, dignity and intimacy of a patient has been increasingly put in the shade. The issue of security of intimacy differs at each ward. The objective of the bachelor thesis on the topic ``Security of intimacy of a patient at a standard ward, an anaesthesiology-resuscitation ward and an intensity care ward{\crqq} is to map out the knowledge of nurses in the field of intimacy and its observance at various sorts of wards. Conducting a number of activities, a nurse enters the intimate zone of a patient and disturbs their intimacy. Therefore we intended to ascertain whether nurses have sufficient knowledge in this field. In a number of cases, patients are not able to defend themselves so their protection is to be secured by the health workers who should behave in the manner respecting the patients in any situation and state. They must do anything not to disturb their intimacy at all or only to a minimal extent. For this reason we raised the questions: Do nurses observe intimacy of patients sufficiently? Do the nurses working at an anaesthesiology-resuscitation ward (ARO) and an intensity care ward (JIP) observe the intimacy principles more than the nurses at standard wards? The research group consisted of the nurses working at ARO, JIP and standard wards of surgical sections in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. and Nemocnice Český Krumlov a.s. The research method I used was a questionnaire. Hypothesis No. 1 that nurses have a sufficient knowledge in the field of intimacy was confirmed on the basis of the knowledge test results. Regrettably, hypothesis No. 2 that nurses observe patient intimacy insufficiently was confirmed. Hypothesis No. 3 that the nurses working at ARO and JIP wards observe the principles of intimacy security more than the nurses working at a standard ward was not confirmed. It follows from the results of the research that while nursing the patients, nurses observe the principles of intimacy security insufficiently at all the types of wards. On the basis of the undertaken research, the hospitals that have not internal regulations (guidelines) on this issue elaborated should do so e.g. in the form of ``Ten Rules of Patient Privacy{\crqq} and should pay attention to observance of principles of patient intimacy protection. It is necessary that the nurses serve as defenders of the patients{\crq} rights in this field.
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