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Detection agents of diarrhea in children
ŠTĚPANČÍKOVÁ, Jolana
Summary The detection of diarrhoea origin in children belongs nowadays to a standard examination. The generators cause gastroenteritis. Mainly infants, but also young children suffer from intestine diseases. This disorder causes feverish conditions, vomiting, watery diarrhoea, sickness and inappetence. The aim of the thesis is to prove bacteriological and viral pathogens on the basis of cultivation. There is an outline of the most commonly occurring pathogens in the theoretical part. Bacterial diarrhoea in children is caused by Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Yersiniae and Enterobacteria, whereas viral diarrhoea is caused mostly by the following viruses: Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Astrovirus and Calcivirus. The practical part was performed in the period of October, November, and December 2010 and in January and February 2011 in the Laboma Laboratory, Ltd., now Sylab, Ltd. The thesis aims at children patients till the age of 6. This age was suggested by prof. MUDr. Miloš Velemínský, CSc., dr.h.c., head of the thesis. Child´s swab rectal is used for bacteriological examination, after the transport to the laboratory it is inoculated on a selectively identifying medium and after a 24-hour cultivation, bacteria or virus identification follows. Consequently, enteric bacteria isolation is carried out, through which a pure cultivation is obtained. In order to specify exactly Escherichiae coli, perhaps even its stems, it is necessary to perform serotype to obtain the indicated type and to find out whether it applies to a pathogenic or non-pathogenic bacteria. However, for a virological examination a child´s stool sample is needed. Rotavirus and Adenovirus are detected through the VIKIA r Rota ? Adeno test. This is a qualitative test based on the association of monoclonal antidotes. The test uses the immunological reaction on the testing stripe with help of migration. After 100 randomly chosen samples from children ? patients were processed, it was proven that acute gastroenteritis is mainly of viral origin.
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